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Land Niedersachsen

The Sovereign Military Order of Malta (SMOM) is a sovereign entity maintaining diplomatic relations with 113 sovereign states (including the Holy See).[1] Additionally, it has observer status or representation at multiple intergovernmental organisations.[2] The Order has non-diplomatic official relations with five more states: France, Belgium, Switzerland, Luxembourg and Canada.[1][3] The Order exchanges ambassadors with the European Union and the State of Palestine.[1][2]

Embassy of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta in Ljubljana, Slovenia

Some states recognize SMOM as a sovereign state, rather than a sovereign subject of international law. For example, the Republic of San Marino in 1935 recognized SMOM as a sovereign state in its own right.[4][5][6] As Italy recognizes, in addition to extraterritoriality, the exercise by SMOM of all the prerogatives of sovereignty in its headquarters, Italian sovereignty and SMOM sovereignty uniquely coexist without overlapping.[7]

As of June 2010, nine Schengen states did not recognize the diplomatic passports of the Order: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Greece, France, Finland, Sweden, Iceland, and Switzerland.[8]

Bilateral relations

Diplomatic relations

#CountryDate
— Holy SeeFebruary 1930[9]
1 RomaniaDecember 1932[10]
2 Spain19 November 1938[11]
3 Haiti1947[12]
4 Panama2 August 1948[13]
5 Argentina7 June 1951[14]
6 El Salvador1951[12]
7 Brazil17 January 1952[15]
8 Colombia28 January 1953[16]
9 Peru15 April 1953[17]
10 Ecuador29 July 1953[18]
11 Chile24 February 1956[19]
12 Italy12 June 1956[20]
13 Lebanon1956[12]
14 Costa Rica8 August 1957[21]
15 Nicaragua12 September 1957[22]
16 Guatemala11 December 1957[23]
17 Austria1957[24]
18 Dominican Republic1957[24]
19 Paraguay10 January 1958[25]
20 Cuba29 July 1959[26]
21 Honduras1959[24]
22 Liberia1959[24]
23 Cameroon4 July 1961[24]
24 Somalia28 November 1961[24]
25 Portugal19 December 1962[27]
26 Gabon1963[24]
27 Bolivia15 October 1964[28]
28 Philippines24 April 1965[29]
29 Senegal1965[24]
30 Uruguay1965[24]
31 Malta27 June 1966[30]
32 Venezuela1970[24]
33 Niger9 January 1971[31]
34 EthiopiaFebruary 1971[32]
35 Benin1972[24]
36 Ivory Coast1972[24]
37 Togo5 September 1973[33]
38 Burkina Faso1973[24]
39 Mauritania3 March 1977[34]
40 Mauritius18 July 1978[35]
41 Egypt1980[24]
42 Central African Republic1981[24]
43 Comoros1981[24]
44 Thailand4 September 1984[36]
45 Democratic Republic of the Congo1984[24]
46 San Marino4 March 1986[37]
47 Guinea24 June 1986[38]
48 Mali1986[24]
49 Morocco1986[24]
50 Chad1989[24]
51 Czech Republic8 June 1990[39]
52 Hungary15 June 1990[40]
53 Poland9 July 1990[41]
54 Madagascar1990[24]
55 Lithuania9 July 1992[42]
56 Slovenia15 July 1992[43]
57 Russia7 August 1992[44]
58 Croatia22 December 1992[45]
59 Republic of the Congo1992[24]
60 Cambodia1992[24]
61 Sudan1992[24]
62 Slovakia1 January 1993[46]
63 Kazakhstan4 February 1993[47]
64 SeychellesJune 1994[48]
65 Albania14 July 1994[49]
66 Bulgaria11 November 1994[50]
67 Liechtenstein1994[24]
68 Latvia15 August 1995[51]
69 Belarus30 April 1996[52]
70 North Macedonia12 July 1996[52]
71 Equatorial Guinea16 July 1996[52]
72 Cape Verde1996[24]
73 Bosnia and Herzegovina31 January 1997[53]
74 Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesFebruary 1997[54]
75 Federated States of Micronesia12 November 1997[55]
76 Guinea-Bissau1997[24]
77 Mozambique1997[24]
78 São Tomé and Príncipe1997[24]
79 Armenia29 May 1998[56]
80 Georgia24 July 1998[57]
81 Suriname30 April 1999[58]
82 Guyana19 May 1999[59]
83 Eritrea1999[24]
84 Saint Lucia1999[24]
85 Belize1999[24]
86 Afghanistan1999[24]
87 Moldova5 May 2001[60]
88 Serbia11 May 2001[61]
89 Tajikistan1 June 2001[62]
90 Marshall Islands3 May 2002[63]
91 Kiribati2002[24]
92 Jordan29 June 2003[64]
93 Angola13 December 2005[65]
94 Montenegro5 September 2006[66]
95 East Timor18 September 2006[67]
96 Kenya14 September 2007[68]
97 Monaco18 October 2007[69]
98 Turkmenistan30 October 2007[68]
99 Ukraine9 February 2008[68]
100 Bahamas11 November 2008[68]
101 Sierra Leone28 November 2008[68]
102 Namibia31 March 2009[68]
103 Antigua and Barbuda20 October 2009[68]
104 Cyprus6 June 2012[70]
105 South Sudan14 November 2014[71]
106 Grenada6 November 2015[72]
107 Germany15 November 2017[73]
108 Nauru5 October 2018[74]
109 Estonia11 March 2020[75]
110 Greece2 December 2021[76]
111 Lesotho7 December 2021[77]
112 Gambia20 September 2023[78]

Other countries

#NameDiplomatic relations establishedNotes
1 Ecuador29 July 1953[18]On 10 February 2012, President Rafael Correa issued a decree to withdraw recognition and initiate the process of canceling relations,[79] starting from May.[1] Later on, the relations were restored by President Lenín Moreno on 24 September 2019.[80]
– European Union1987Ambassador level relations.[2]
2 Italy12 June 1956[20]The Supreme Court of Cassation decreed on 6 June 1974 that, "the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Malta constitutes a sovereign international subject, in all terms equal, even if without territory, to a foreign state with which Italy has normal diplomatic relations, so there is no doubt, as already this Supreme Court has warned, that it has the legal treatment of foreign states".[81] As Italy recognizes, in addition to extraterritoriality, the exercise by SMOM of all the prerogatives of sovereignty in its headquarters, Italian sovereignty and SMOM sovereignty uniquely coexist without overlapping.[7]
– Palestinian AuthorityAmbassador level relations.[1]

Official relations

NameOfficial relations establishedRegionNotes
 France1982EuropeFrance does not recognise the SMOM as a subject of international law.[82]

Unofficial relations

The Order of Malta has unofficial relations with Taiwan through the Embassy of the Republic of China to the Holy See in Rome (Italy).[83]

Countries without established relations

Countries with which the Order currently has no established relations:

Intergovernmental organizations

The Order of Malta has observer status at the following organizations:[2]

Organizationobserver sinceNotes
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations
International Atomic Energy Agency
United Nations General Assembly
International Fund for Agricultural Development
United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
World Food Programme
World Health Organization

The Order of Malta has delegations or representations to the following organizations:[2]

Organizationparticipates sinceNotes
Council of Europe
International Institute for the Unification of Private Law
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission
Inter-American Development Bank
International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property
International Committee of Military Medicine
International Committee of the Red Cross
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
International Institute of Humanitarian Law
International Organization for Migration
Latin Union

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Sovereign Military Order of Malta. "Bilateral relations". orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e Sovereign Military Order of Malta. "Multilateral relations". orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 20 February 2018.
  3. ^ Canada, Global Affairs (2015-10-19). "Canada and the Order of Malta". GAC. Retrieved 2024-03-14.
  4. ^ Cansacchi, Giorgio (1940). Il diritto di legazione attivo e passivo dell'Ordine de Malta. p. 65.
  5. ^ Astraudo, A. (1935). "Saint-marin et l'Ordre de Malte". La Revue Diplomatique. 7.
  6. ^ Cox, Noel S.B., The Continuing Question of Sovereignty and the Sovereign Military Order of Jerusalem, of Rhodes and of Malta (June 2008). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1140462 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1140462
  7. ^ a b Arocha, Magaly (May 1999). "La Orden de Malta y su Naturaleza Jurídica (The Order of Malta and Its Legal Nature)". Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela: Analítica.com. Archived from the original on 1 August 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
  8. ^ "Council of the European Union - Schengen Visa Working Party - Table of travel documents". p. 31. Archived from the original on 2012-01-14. Retrieved 2022-09-10.
  9. ^ "Diplomatic relations of the Holy See". Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  10. ^ "Diplomatic Relations of Romania". Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  11. ^ de Béthencourt, Marcos Fernández (2019). La orden de Malta: Estatuto Jurídico internacional (in Spanish). Editorial Sanz Y Torres. p. 296.
  12. ^ a b c de Béthencourt, Marcos Fernández (2019). La orden de Malta: Estatuto Jurídico internacional (in Spanish). Editorial Sanz Y Torres. p. 296.
  13. ^ "RELACIONES DIPLOMÁTICAS DE LA REPÚBLICA DE PANAMÁ" (PDF). p. 195. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2020. Retrieved 30 November 2021.
  14. ^ "Biblioteca Digital de Tratados" (in Spanish). Retrieved 27 June 2023.
  15. ^ "Decreto nº 30403 de 17/01/1952 / PE - Poder Executivo Federal" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  16. ^ "Soberana Orden Militar y Hospitalaria de San Juan de Jerusalén, de Rodas y de Malta" (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 June 2023.
  17. ^ "Jefe del Estado recibe cartas credenciales de embajador de la orden de Malta" (in Spanish). 26 June 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  18. ^ a b "Dictamen N. 017-13-DTI-CC" (PDF) (in Spanish). 3 July 2013. p. 2. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  19. ^ Memoria (in Spanish). Chile. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores. 1956. p. 432.
  20. ^ a b "Giovedì - 12 Iuglio 1956: Il Presidente della Repubblica riceve in udienza" (in Italian). Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  21. ^ Francisco, Jorge; Carbonell, Sáenz (2013). Historia diplomática de Costa Rica (1948-1970) (in Spanish). UNA. p. 119.
  22. ^ Memoria (in Spanish). 1957. p. 51.
  23. ^ "Relaciones Diplomáticas de Guatemala" (in Spanish). Retrieved 24 July 2021.
  24. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah de Béthencourt, Marcos Fernández (2019). La orden de Malta: Estatuto Jurídico internacional (in Spanish). Editorial Sanz Y Torres. pp. 302–309.
  25. ^ Yegros, Ricardo Scavone (2011). Representantes Diplomáticos Paraguayos : nómina de los jefes de Misiones Diplomáticas de la República del Paraguay (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 October 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2023.
  26. ^ "Memoria anual 2015" (PDF) (in Spanish). 2015. p. 19-25. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 May 2019.
  27. ^ "Ordem de Malta" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 9 July 2022.
  28. ^ Bolivia, 4-5 (in Spanish). 1964.
  29. ^ "The Republic of the Philippines and the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta celebrate 55 years of formal diplomatic relations today, April 24!". 24 April 2020. Retrieved 24 April 2020.
  30. ^ The Malta Year Book. St. Michael's College Publications. 1984. p. 105.
  31. ^ Bulletin de l'Afrique noire, 627–651 (in French). 1971. Prochaine ouverture de relations diplomatiques, au niveau des ambassades, entre le Niger et l'Ordre de Malte...
  32. ^ Marchés tropicaux et méditerranéens, 27 (in French). 1971. p. 766.
  33. ^ Bulletin de l'Afrique noire, 743–762 (in French). Ediafric. 1973. Ouverture de relations diplomatiques, au niveau des ambassades, entre le Togo et l'Ordre souverain de Malte.
  34. ^ Revue française d'études politiques africaines, 33–137. Société africaine d'édition. 1977. p. 14.
  35. ^ Mauritius Directory of the Diplomatic Corps; High Commissions, Embassies, Consulates, International Organization[s]. 1988. p. 124.
  36. ^ "รัฐอธิปไตยทหาร ออร์เดอร์ ออฟ มอลตา" (in Thai). Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  37. ^ "Rapporti bilaterali della Repubblica di San Marino" (in Italian). Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  38. ^ Sub-Saharan Africa Report Issues 75-81. United States. Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1986. p. 9. ... The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Guinea has the pleasure of informing the nation and the world that the Republic of Guinea and the Sovereign Order of Malta ... have decided to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level as of 24 June 1986.
  39. ^ Petruf, Pavol. Československá zahraničná politika 1945 – 1992 (in Slovak). pp. 99–119.
  40. ^ Daily Report: East Europe. Vol. 12. 1992. p. 397.
  41. ^ "Odpowiedź na zapytanie w sprawie stanu stosunków dyplomatycznych utrzymywanych przez Rzeczpospolitą Polską z Suwerennym Zakonem Rycerskim Szpitalników im. Jana Jerozolimskiego, zwanym Zakonem Maltańskim". Orka2.sejm.gov.pl. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
  42. ^ "List of countries with which Lithuania has established diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
  43. ^ Đogić, Mojca Pristavec (September 2016). "Priznanja samostojne Slovenije" (PDF) (in Slovenian). Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  44. ^ "Мальтийские Игры". Hist.ru. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
  45. ^ "MVPEI". Archived from the original on 2010-08-13. Retrieved 2011-12-18.
  46. ^ "Štáty a teritóriá" (in Slovak). Retrieved 26 May 2023.
  47. ^ "Страны, установившие дипломатические отношения с Республикой Казахстан" (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2022.
  48. ^ "Order of Malta presents credentials". 4 June 2019. Retrieved 22 July 2023.
  49. ^ "Katalogu i Dokumentacionit i Vitit 1994" (PDF) (in Albanian). p. 42. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  50. ^ "Twenty Years of Diplomatic Relations: the Grand Master Receives the Vice President of Bulgaria". 11 November 2014. Retrieved 14 July 2022.
  51. ^ "Dates of establishment and renewal of diplomatic relations". mfa.gov.lv. 1 July 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2022.
  52. ^ a b c de Béthencourt, Marcos Fernández (2019). La orden de Malta: Estatuto Jurídico internacional (in Spanish). Editorial Sanz Y Torres. p. 308.
  53. ^ "ODRŽAN XXIX. MEĐUNARODNI LJETNI KAMP ZA HENDIKEPIRANE MLADE OSOBE" (in Bosnian). 5 October 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  54. ^ "Diplomatic Relations Register (4)". 24 January 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  55. ^ "FSM Diplomatic Relations List". Fsmgov.org. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  56. ^ "Sovereign Military Order of Malta". Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  57. ^ "Bilateral relations". Archived from the original on 19 June 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  58. ^ "Lijst van Diplomatieke Betrekkingen en Visum-afschaffingsovereenkomsten" (PDF). gov.sr (in Dutch). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  59. ^ "Diplomatic relations". Archived from the original on 16 February 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
  60. ^ Primul Ambasador al Republicii Moldova pe lângă Ordinul Suveran Militar de Malta – decorat cu o înaltă distincție (foto) (in Romanian).
  61. ^ "Bilateral cooperation". Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia. Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  62. ^ "LIST OF STATES WITH WHICH THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS" (PDF). Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  63. ^ "LISTING OF ALL COUNTRIES WHICH HAVE ESTABLISHED DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH THE REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS (As of 13 February 2019)". Archived from the original on 18 July 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
  64. ^ "Full diplomatic relations established between the Order of Malta and Jordan". 2 July 2003. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  65. ^ "Relations diplomatiques entre l'Ordre de Malte et l'Angola" (in French). 15 December 2005. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  66. ^ "Tabela priznanja i uspostavljanja diplomatskih odnosa". Montenegro Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration. Archived from the original on 13 February 2020. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
  67. ^ "The Order of Malta establishes diplomatic relations with Timor-Leste". 21 September 2006. Archived from the original on 25 December 2021. Retrieved 25 December 2021.
  68. ^ a b c d e f g "Activity report 2010" (PDF). April 2010. p. 90. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  69. ^ "Rapport de Politique Extérieure 2007" (in French). p. 44. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
  70. ^ Sovereign Military Order of Malta (6 June 2012). "Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Sovereign Order of Malta formally established". orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 20 February 2015.
  71. ^ Sovereign Military Order of Malta (17 November 2014). "The Order of Malta strengthens its action in South Sudan three years after the birth of the nation". orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
  72. ^ Sovereign Military Order of Malta (12 November 2015). "Establishment of diplomatic relations with Grenada". orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
  73. ^ Sovereign Military Order of Malta (15 November 2017). "Official Visit of the German Foreign Minister Sigmar Gabriel, for the opening of diplomatic relations between Germany and the Order of Malta". orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  74. ^ "Diplomatic relations between the Sovereign Order of Malta and the Republic of Nauru". orderofmalta.int. 11 October 2018.
  75. ^ Sovereign Military Order of Malta (11 March 2020). "Estonia and Sovereign Order of Malta establish diplomatic relations".
  76. ^ Sovereign Military Order of Malta (4 December 2021). "Sovereign Order of Malta announces opening of diplomatic relations with Hellenic Republic". orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 4 December 2021.
  77. ^ "Order of Malta's mission to the UN in New York announces opening of diplomatic ties with the Kingdom of Lesotho". 7 December 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2021.
  78. ^ "The Order of Malta announces the opening of diplomatic relations with the Republic of The Gambia". Sovereign Order of Malta. 21 September 2023.
  79. ^ "La Orden Soberana de Malta". Elcomercio.com. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
  80. ^ Sovereign Military Order of Malta (24 September 2019). "A renewed friendship between Ecuador and the Order of Malta". orderofmalta.int.
  81. ^ "Corte Suprema di Cassazione; Sezioni unite civili; sentenza 6 giugno 1974, n. 1653" (PDF). Il Foro Italiano. 98 (6): 1471/1472–1475/1476. June 1975. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 10 April 2022.
  82. ^ "The Sovereignty of the Order of Malta". Heraldica.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
  83. ^ "Donation to the Holy Family Hospital from the Republic of China (Taiwan)". orderofmalta.int. Retrieved 2022-02-09.
  84. ^ The 10 October 2017 decree of the Chancellor of the Dutch Orders lists the SMOM as one of three "Recognised (knightly) orders" (Erkende (ridderlijke) orden) and authorises it members to wear their decorations in the Netherlands.
  85. ^ Sovereign Military Order of Malta. "Associate Countries". orderofmalta.int. Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta
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