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The current record for the longest non-stop, non-refueled airplane flight in history (9 days and 3 minutes) was achieved in the Rutan Voyager

The flight endurance record is the longest amount of time an aircraft of a particular category spent in flight without landing. It can be a solo event, or multiple people can take turns piloting the aircraft, as long as all pilots remain in the aircraft. The limit initially was the amount of fuel that could be stored for the flight, but aerial refueling extended that parameter. Due to safety concerns, the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) no longer recognizes new records for the duration of crewed airplane or glider flights and has never recognized any duration records for helicopters.

Airplane

Non-refueled, crewed

Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotsAircraftCommentsReference
09:00:03:44December 14–23, 1986Edwards Air Force Base, US, circumnavigationDick Rutan and Jeana YeagerRutan Voyager[1]
04:21:51:00June 28 to July 3, 2015Nagoya, Japan – Kalaeloa Airport, Hawaii, United States (8263 kilometres)André BorschbergSolar Impulse 2Solar plane, without any fuel; also longest solo airplane flight of any type[2][3]
03:12:32:00May 25–28, 1931Jacksonville, Florida, USWalter Edwin Lees and Frederic BrossyBellanca J-2Last record recognized by FAI[4]
03:04:45:00February 8–11, 2004Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USSteve FossetGlobal Flyer[5][6]
03:03:23:07February 26 to March 1, 1931La Sénia, AlgeriaLucien Bossoutrot and Maurice RossiBlériot 110[7]
02:19:13:55May 30 to June 2, 1930Montecelio, ItalyUmberto Maddalena and Fausto CecconiSavoia-Marchetti S.64[8]
02:17:25:00July 5–7, 1928Dessau, GermanyJohann Risztics and Wilhelm ZimmermannJunkers W 33Also surpassed the refueled record[9]
02:04:22:31.8August 3–5, 1927Dessau, GermanyCornelius Edzard and Johann RiszticsJunkers W 33[10]
02:03:11:25April 12–14, 1927Long Island, New York, USClarence Duncan Chamberlin and Bertrand Blanchard AcostaWright-Bellanca WB-2 "Columbia"[11]
01:21:11:59August 7–9, 1925Chartres, FranceMaurice Drouhin and Jules LandryFarman F.60 Goliath[12]
01:13:59:10July 16–17, 1924Chartres, FranceEtienne Coupet and Maurice DrouhinFarman F-60Also surpassed the refueled record[13]
01:12:04:34April 16–17, 1923Wilbur Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio, USOakley George Kelly and John Arthur MacreadyFokker T-2[14]
01:10:14:07October 14–15, 1922Le Bourget, FranceLucien Bossoutrot and Robert DrouhinFarman F.60 Goliath[15]
01:02:19:35December 29–30, 1921Roosevelt Field, New York, US;[16] FAI record says Jacksonville, FloridaEdward A. Stinson and Lloyd BertaudJunkers-Larsen JL-6First record recognized by FAI[17]
01:00:19:07June 3–4, 1920Ville Sauvage la Dordogne, FranceLucien Bossoutrot and Jean BernardFarman F.60 Goliath[18]
01:00:12:00July 10–11, 1914Johannisthal Air Field near Berlin, GermanyReinhold BöhmAlbatros biplane[19][20]
00:21:49:00June 28–29, 1914Johannisthal Air Field near Berlin, GermanyWerner LandmannAlbatros biplane[21]
00:13:22:00September 11, 1912Étampes airfield in FranceAlexandre Fourny (Fourney)Maurice Farman MF-2[22][23]
00:11:01:29September 1, 1911Buc, FranceAlexandre Fourny (Fourney)Maurice Farman biplane[24][25]
00:08:12:45December 18, 1910Étampes airfield in FranceHenri FarmanMaurice Farman biplane[26]
00:06:01:00October 28, 1910Buc, FranceMaurice TabuteauMaurice Farman MF-2[27]
00:05:03:05July 10, 1910Reims, FranceJan OlieslagersBlériot monoplane[27][28]
00:04:17:35November 3, 1909Mourmelon-le-Grand, FranceHenri FarmanH. Farman[29]
00:02:18:33.6December 31, 1908Camp d’Auvours near Le Mans, FranceWilbur WrightWright Model A[30]
00:01:54:00.4December 18, 1908Camp d’Auvours near Le Mans, FranceWilbur WrightWright Model A[30]
00:01:31:25.8September 21, 1908Camp d’Auvours near Le Mans, FranceWilbur WrightWright Model A[30]
00:01:14:20September 12, 1908Fort Myer, Virginia, USOrville WrightWright Model A[31]
00:01:10:24September 11, 1908Fort Myer, Virginia, USOrville WrightWright Model A[31]
00:01:05:52September 10, 1908Fort Myer, VirginiaOrville WrightWright Model A[31]
00:01:02:15September 9, 1908Fort Myer, Virginia, USOrville WrightWright Model A[31]
00:00:59:23.8October 5, 1905Huffman Prairie, Ohio, USWilbur WrightWright Flyer III[32]
00:00:33:17October 4, 1905Huffman Prairie, Ohio, USOrville WrightWright Flyer III[32]
00:00:26:11.2October 3, 1905Huffman Prairie, Ohio, USOrville WrightWright Flyer III[32]
00:00:19:56September 29, 1905Huffman Prairie, Ohio, USOrville WrightWright Flyer III[32]
00:00:18:11September 26, 1905Huffman Prairie, Ohio, USWilbur WrightWright Flyer III[32]
00:00:05:41September 12, 1905Huffman Prairie, Ohio, YSWilbur WrightWright Flyer III[32]
00:00:05:04November 9, 1904Huffman Prairie, Ohio, USWilbur WrightWright Flyer II[33]
00:00:01:38October 14, 1904Huffman Prairie, Ohio, USOrville WrightWright Flyer II[33]
00:00:01:35September 20, 1904Huffman Prairie, Ohio, USWilbur WrightWright Flyer II[33]
00:00:00:59December 17, 1903Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, USWilbur WrightWright Flyer[34]
00:00:00:12December 17, 1903Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, USOrville WrightWright FlyerFirst flight[34]

Refueled, crewed

The Cessna 172, used by Robert Timm and John Cook, hanging in Harry Reid International Airport.
Robert Timm and John Cook Cessna 172 refueling
The aircraft Curtiss Robin "St. Louis" during the record flight July 13–30, 1929, St. Louis, Missouri.
Duration

(dd:hh:mm:ss)

DateLocationPilotsAircraftCommentsReference
64:22:19:05December 4, 1958, to February 7, 1959Las Vegas, NevadaRobert Timm and John CookCessna 172
Hacienda		Refueled from moving truck on ground[35]
50:00:18:20August 2, 1958, to September 21, 1958Dallas, Texas, USJim Heth and Bill BurkhartCessna 172
The Old Scotchman		Refueled from moving truck on ground[35][36]
46:20:00:00August 24 to October 10, 1949Yuma, Arizona, USBob Woodhouse and Woody JongewardAeronca 15AC Sedan
City of Yuma		Attempted to persuade government officials to reopen Yuma Army Air Field[37]
42:00:02:00March 15 to April 26, 1949Fullerton, California, USDick Riedel and Bill BarrisAeronca 15AC Sedan
Sunkist Lady		[38]
30:06:00:00October 1–30, 1939Long Beach, California, USWes Carroll and Clyde SchlieperPiper J-3 Cub floatplane
Spirit of Kay		[39][40]
27:05:34:00June 4 to July 1, 1935Meridian, Mississippi, USBrothers Al and Fred KeyCurtiss Robin
Ole Miss		Invented a spill-free mid-air refueling nozzle. Inaccessible recording altimeter verified duration.[41]
23:01:41:30June 11 and July 4, 1930Chicago, Illinois, USBrothers John and Kenneth HunterStinson SM-1 Detroiter
The City of Chicago		[42]
17:12:17:00July 13–30, 1929St. Louis, Missouri, USDale Jackson and Forest O'BrineCurtiss Robin
St. Louis		[43]
10:06:43:32July 2–12, 1929Culver City, California, USLoren W. Mendell and Roland B. ReinhartBuhl CA-5A Airsedan
Angeleno		[44][45]
07:06:00:00June 30 to July 6, 1929Cleveland, Ohio, USRoy Mitchell and Byron K. NewcombStinson SM-1 Detroiter
The City of Cleveland		Not recognized as an official record by FAI because it did not exceed previous record by at least 1%.[46]
07:04:31:01May 19–26, 1929Ft. Worth, Texas, USReginald Robbins and James KellyMahoney-Ryan B-1 Brougham
Fort Worth		[47]
06:15:40:00January 1–7, 1929Van Nuys Airport, California, USMaj. Carl Spaatz, Capt. Ira Eaker, 1st Lt. Harry A. Halverson, 2nd Lt. Elwood Quesada, and Sgt. Roy W. HooeAtlantic-Fokker C2A
Question Mark		[48]
02:12:07:00June 1–4, 1928Tirlemont, BelgiumLouis Crooy and Sgt. Victor Groenende Havilland DH-9[49]
01:13:15:14August 27–28, 1923Rockwell Field, California, USCapt. Lowell Smith and 1st Lt. John Paul Richterde Havilland DH-4BFirst refueled flight to surpass the non-refueled record[50]

Airline, scheduled

Not an FAI category. See Longest Flights

Duration (hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotsAircraftCommentsReference
32:09:00June 29, 1943 – July 18, 1945[note 1]Swan River, Nedlands, Western Australia to Lake Koggala, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka)several Qantas crewsQantas Consolidated PBY CatalinaCalled "The Double Sunrise" (c.3500 mi.)

271 crossings

[52][51][53]
23:19:00October 1–2, 1957London to San Francisco44 persons (12 crew, 32 passengers). Capt. Gordon Granger and co-pilot Herbert Ottewill[54]TWA Lockheed Constellation L-1649A, F/N 307 / N7307C(c.5350 mi.)[55]
19:36:00October 21–22, 1936San Francisco to Pearl Harbor, HawaiiCapt. Edwin Musick, FO Harold Gray, JO M.C. Weber, NAV Fred Noonan + 4 additional flightcrew.[56]Pan Am Martin M-130 Flying Boat(c. 2405 mi.)[57][58][59]

Airplane, uncrewed

FAI does not differentiate between non-refueled and solar aircraft. Class U : Experimental

Duration
(dd:hh:mm:ss)		DateLocationAircraftClass
64:18:26:002022-08-19US, Arizona, YumaAirbus Zephyr 8 (S)non FAI sanctioned, solar power[60] (broke up in flight)
25:23:57:002018-08-05US, Arizona, YumaAirbus Zephyr 8non FAI sanctioned, 75 kg, solar power[61]
18:22:30:002021-09-13US, Arizona, YumaAirbus Zephyr 8U-Absolute,[62] U-1 (Fixed wing), 25–100 kg, electric[63]
14:00:22:002010-07-23US, Arizona, YumaQinetiQ Zephyr 7U-Absolute,[64] U-1.c (50–500 kg), electric[65]
08:00:50:002021-10-02US, California, EdwardsVanilla UnmannedU-1 (Fixed wing), 100–500 kg, IC and Jet[66]
05:01:24:002017-10-23US, Virginia WallopsVanilla Aircraft VA001non FAI sanctioned[67]
03:16:18:002023-07-09US, Eastern Oregon Regional AirportKraus Hamdani Aerospace K1000ULEnon FAI sanctioned, Group-2 UAS, solar power[68]
03:10:02:002014-12-08US, California, RidgecrestAurora FS OrionU-1.f (5-10 t), IC and Jet[69]
03:09:24:002014-12-08Switzerland, RafzETH Zurich AtlantikSolarnon FAI sanctioned, 6.8 kg, solar power[70]
02:12:00:002019-12-11US, Utah, DugwayUS AFRL Ultra LEAPnon FAI sanctioned[71]
02:12:00:001988USBoeing Condornon FAI sanctioned, 9.2 t, piston engines[72]
02:07:56:002016-12-02US, New Mexico, Las CrucesVanilla Aircraft VA001U-1.c (50–500 kg), IC and Jet[73]
02:06:27:002012-07-07Latvia, JelgavaUAV Factory Penguin Bnon FAI sanctioned, 22.3 kg TOW, two-stroke[74]
02:00:01:002013-04-18unknownUS NRL Ion Tiger UAVnon FAI sanctioned, hydrogen fuel cell[75]
01:15:24:002001-03-21US, California, EdwardsNorthrop Grumman RQ-4U-Absolute,[76] U-2.g (10-20 t), IC and Jet[77]
01:06:17:002022-02-19unknownLockheed Martin Stalkersubmitted to FAI, 5–25 kg,[78] Propane Fuel Cell
01:02:01:002009-11-17US, MD, AberdeenUS NRL Ion Tiger UAVnon FAI sanctioned, 17 kg, hydrogen fuel cell[79][80]

Helicopter

Crewed, non-refueled

Duration (hhh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
15:08:00April 6, 1966Culver City, California, US to Ormond Beach, Florida (2,213.04 mi)Robert G. FerryHughes YOH-6AAs a nonstop non-refueled trip this flight also holds the record for the longest distance flown in a helicopter without landing. FAI category: "Great circle distance, without landing".[81]

Uncrewed

Duration (hhh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
32:08:00October 2017unknownUncrewedAerovel Flexrotor[82][83]
22:29:38Aug 9–10, 2016unknownUncrewedLatitude HQ-60[84]
18:41:28May 15, 2008Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona, USUncrewedBoeing A160 Hummingbird[85]

Free balloon, crewed

Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
19:21:47:00March 1–21, 1999Château-d'Œx, Switzerland; circumnavigationBertrand Piccard and Brian JonesBreitling Orbiter 3[86]
14:19:50:00June 19 – July 3, 2002Northam, WA (Australia) circumnavigationSteve FossettCameron Balloons R-550 (N277SF)Longest solo flight in any type of aircraft[87]
11:04:20:00July 12–23, 2016Northam, WA Australia; circumnavigationFedor KonyukhovCameron Balloons R-550Shortest time around the world[88]
03:10:05:00September 9–12, 1995Wil, Switzerland to Lucincik, Ukraine (1.395,4 km)Johann Fuerstner and Gerald StuerzlingerD-OSTZ Graf Zeppelin3rd place in Gordon Bennett Gas Balloon Race[89]

Airship

Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
11:00:12:00March 4 to March 15, 1957Naval Air Station South Weymouth, Massachusetts, US to Naval Air Station Key West, Florida, USCmdr. Jack. R. Hunt"Snowbird" ZPG-2via Europe, Africa[90]
03:23:05:00November 21 to November 25, 1917Jambol, Bulgaria to Jambol, BulgariaLtCdr. Ludwig BockholtL95 (LZ104) Type W Zeppelinoriginally destined for the Makonde Plateau, mission aborted at 16° 30′ N, 30° 0′ E, near Khartoum, Sudan after areas fit for landing were captured by British forces[91]
02:23:00:00October 29 to November 1, 1928Lakehurst, New Jersey, US to Friedrichshafen, GermanyHugo EckenerLZ 127 Graf Zeppelin[92]

Glider

Duration (dd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationPilotAircraftCommentsReference
02:23:05:00July 28–30, 1961Honolulu, Hawaii, USGeza Vass and Guy DavisPratt-Read LNE-1[93]
02:08:15:00April 2–4, 1952Romanin les Alpilles near Saint-Rémy-de-Provence, FranceCharles AtgerArsenal Air 100[94]

Space station, crewed

Duration that a specific person continuously occupies the spacecraft while in orbit.

See Also Timeline of longest spaceflights, List of spaceflight records

Duration (ddd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationAstronautAircraftCommentsReference
437:17:58:17January 8, 1994, to March 22, 1995Low Earth orbit; Baikonur Cosmodrome to near Arkalyk, KazakhstanValeri PolyakovRussian space station Mir[95]

Aerospacecraft, orbital, crewed

Duration (ddd:hh:mm:ss)DateLocationAstronautAircraftCommentsReference
17:15:53:17November 19 to December 7, 1996Low Earth orbit, Kennedy Space CenterKenneth D. Cockrell, Kent V. Rominger, Tamara E. Jernigan, Thomas D. Jones, and F. Story MusgraveSpace Shuttle Columbia, STS-80[96]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Note The "Double Sunrise" route continued to be operated from July 18, 1945 until April 6, 1946 by Qantas Liberators (loaned from BOAC) and Qantas Avro Lancastrians, but with shorter flown distances (departing what is now PER, stopping for refuelling at the RAF base at Minneriya, and landing at what is now CMB) and shorter flight times (faster cruise speeds).[51]

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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_endurance_record
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