 A Texas and Pacific EMD E7 leads an Eagle in this 1950s ticket cover. | |
| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Service type | Inter-city rail |
| Status | Discontinued |
| Locale | Midwestern United States/Southwestern United States |
| First service | August 15, 1948 |
| Last service | April 30, 1971 |
| Successor | Inter-American (train) |
| Former operator(s) | Missouri Pacific Railroad Texas and Pacific Railway |
| Route | |
| Termini | St. Louis, Missouri El Paso, Texas San Antonio, Texas Galveston, Texas Mexico City |
| Stops |
|
| Average journey time |
|
| Service frequency | Daily |
| Train number(s) |
|
| On-board services | |
| Seating arrangements | Reclining seat coach |
| Sleeping arrangements | roomettes, double bedrooms; carried-over slumbercoach transferring at St. Louis from the National Limited (1961) |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) |
| Operating speed |
|
| Track owner(s) | Missouri Pacific Railroad |
The Texas Eagle was an American streamlined passenger train operated by the Missouri Pacific Railroad and the Texas and Pacific Railway between St. Louis, Missouri, and multiple destinations in the state of Texas. It operated from 1948 to 1971. The Texas Eagle was one of many trains discontinued when Amtrak began operations in 1971, although Amtrak would revive service over the Missouri Pacific with the Inter-American in 1974. This train was renamed the Eagle in 1981 and finally the Texas Eagle in 1988.
History
The Texas Eagle began on August 15, 1948, with the renaming of the Sunshine Special.[1]: 119 For thirteen years, the Texas Eagle operated as two separate sections, leaving St. Louis in the late afternoon, one following behind the other at an approximately 10-minute interval. At Longview, the routes diverged. The west Texas section continued to Dallas and El Paso, while the south Texas section split off cars for Houston and Galveston at Palestine, then operated to Austin and San Antonio. In 1952, dome cars were added to the train. After 1961, the Texas Eagle was consolidated as a single, very long train, between St. Louis and Longview, Texas, where the train was split into several sections, each serving different Texas cities. The west Texas section (the West Texas Eagle) of the Texas Eagle continued from Longview to Dallas, Fort Worth, and El Paso; the south Texas section (South Texas Eagle) served Palestine, Austin, San Antonio, and Laredo. A third section of the Texas Eagle split from the main train at Palestine, providing service to Houston.[2]
While at its northern end, the Texas Eagle served St. Louis, as noted above, it also had another section that split off at Little Rock, going east towards Memphis.[3]
On December 12, 1948, a few months after its inception the Texas Eagle carried through sleepers from the Pennsylvania Railroad's Penn Texas, providing a one-seat ride from Washington, D.C., and New York City to Texas. Through sleeper service ended on June 30, 1961, but it was still possible to make a connection between the two trains in St. Louis.[4]: 134–135
The western section ended May 31, 1969, leaving a San Antonio–St. Louis service.[2] The Missouri Pacific discontinued the remaining Texas intrastate segment of the Texas Eagle on September 22, 1970. The Missouri Pacific bypassed the Interstate Commerce Commission by arguing (to the Texas Railroad Commission) that the "Texas Eagle" was not an interstate train but rather three intrastate trains: one which ran San Antonio–Texarkana, another which ran from Texarkana to the Missouri border, and a third which ran from the Missouri border to St. Louis. The Texas Railroad Commission accepted this argument and permitted the Missouri Pacific to end the Texas portion of the Texas Eagle.[5] The Texas Railroad Commission ruling was handed down less than a month before President Nixon signed Railpax legislation which placed a moratorium on passenger train discontinuances in anticipation of the start-up of Amtrak. The St. Louis–Texarkana truncation of the Texas Eagle continued running until the advent of Amtrak on May 1, 1971, when it was discontinued.[2]
International service
From its beginning, into the latter 1960s, the South Texas Eagle had cars that continued from Laredo, Texas, where a connection was made to the Aztec Eagle for Nuevo Laredo and Mexico City, operated by the Ferrocarriles Nacionales de México. Likewise, there were through Pullman sleepers continuing to Mexico City.[6]
Sample consist
The December 1952 edition of the Official Guide of the Railways listed the following for a southbound Texas Eagle:[7]
| Type | Seating | Route | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. 1 : St. Louis—Fort Worth—El Paso | |||
| Sleeper | 14 roomettes, 1 drawing room, 2 double bedrooms | St. Louis—Fort Worth | |
| Sleeper | 14 roomettes, 4 double bedrooms | New York—El Paso | Conveyed New York—St. Louis by the Pennsylvania Railroad |
| Sleeper | 14 roomettes, 4 double bedrooms | Washington—Fort Worth | Conveyed Washington—St. Louis by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad |
| Sleeper | 14 roomettes, 4 double bedrooms | Memphis—Fort Worth | Conveyed Memphis—Little Rock by No. 201 |
| Sleeper | Roomettes and bedrooms | Dallas—Los Angeles | Conveyed El Paso—Los Angeles by the Southern Pacific Railroad |
| Lounge | 5 bedrooms | St. Louis—Fort Worth | |
| Diner | St. Louis—Fort Worth | ||
| Coach | St. Louis—El Paso | ||
| Coach | St. Louis—Fort Worth | Planetarium dome | |
| Coach | Memphis—Fort Worth | Conveyed Memphis—Little Rock by No. 201 | |
| Type | Seating | Route | Notes |
| No. 21 : St. Louis—Palestine—Houston/San Antonio | |||
| Sleeper | 14 roomettes, 1 drawing room, 2 double bedrooms | St. Louis—Galveston | |
| Sleeper | 14 roomettes, 4 double bedrooms | Memphis—Houston | Conveyed Memphis—Little Rock by No. 201 |
| Sleeper | 10 roomettes, 6 double bedrooms | Washington—Houston | Conveyed Washington—St. Louis by the Pennsylvania Railroad |
| Sleeper | 10 roomettes, 6 double bedrooms | New York—Houston | Conveyed New York—St. Louis by the Pennsylvania Railroad |
| Sleeper | 10 roomettes, 6 double bedrooms | New York—San Antonio | Conveyed New York—St. Louis by the Pennsylvania Railroad |
| Sleeper | 14 roomettes, 4 double bedrooms | St. Louis—San Antonio | |
| Sleeper | 14 roomettes, 4 double bedrooms | St. Louis—San Antonio | |
| Diner lounge | St. Louis—Houston | ||
| Diner lounge | St. Louis—San Antonio | ||
| Coach | St. Louis—Houston | ||
| Coach | St. Louis—Corpus Christi | Conveyed Houston—Odem by No. 11; Odem—Corpus Christi by No. 205 | |
| Coach | St. Louis—San Antonio | Planetarium dome | |
| Coach | St. Louis—San Antonio | ||
| Coach | St. Louis—San Antonio | ||
| Coach | St. Louis—San Antonio | ||
| Coach | Houston—Galveston | ||
| Type | Seating | Route | Notes |
| No. 201 : Memphis—Little Rock | |||
| Sleeper | 14 roomettes, 4 double bedrooms | Memphis—Fort Worth | Conveyed Little Rock—Fort Worth by No. 1 |
| Sleeper | 14 roomettes, 4 double bedrooms | Memphis—Houston | Conveyed Little Rock—Houston by No. 21 |
| Coach | Memphis—Little Rock | ||
| Coach | Memphis—Fort Worth | Conveyed Little Rock—Fort Worth by No. 1 | |
See also
- Penn Texas, a connecting Pennsylvania Railroad service from St. Louis' Union Station
- Texas Eagle, a successor service operated by Amtrak
External links
References
- ^ Sanders, Craig (2003). Limiteds, Locals, and Expresses in Indiana, 1838–1971. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-34216-4.
- ^ a b c Schafer, Mike (2000). More Classic American Railroads. Osceola, Wisconsin: MBI Publishing Co. pp. 87–88. ISBN 978-0-7603-0758-8.
- ^ 'The Official Guide,' August 1949, p. 734-35
- ^ Welsh, Joe (2006). Pennsylvania Railroad's Broadway Limited. Saint Paul, MN: Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7603-2302-1.
- ^ Smith, Griffin (August 1974). "Waiting For The Train". Texas Monthly. 2 (8): 79–83, 89–99.; 91.
- ^ Official Guide of the Railways, June 1968, Missouri Pacific section
- ^ "The Texas Eagle - December 1952". Streamliner Schedules. Retrieved 2010-08-07.
