Unsichtbarkeit von Bisexualität

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Bisexual erasure or bisexual invisibility is the tendency to ignore, remove, falsify, or reexplain evidence of bisexuality in history, academia, news media and other primary sources.[1][2] In its most extreme form, bisexual erasure can include denying that bisexuality exists.[3][4] It is often a manifestation of biphobia, although it does not necessarily involve overt antagonism.

There is increasing support, inclusion, and visibility in both bisexual and non-bisexual communities, especially in the LGBT community.[5][6][7][8][9][10]

Common displays of bisexual erasure

Both gay and straight people who engage in bisexual erasure may claim that bisexuals are actually closeted homosexual people who wish to appear heterosexual,[11] or conversely that bisexuals are heterosexuals who are experimenting with their sexuality.[12][13][14]

A common manifestation of bisexual erasure is a tendency for bisexuals to be referred to as heterosexual when they are intimately involved with people of the opposite sex, and to be labeled as homosexual when they are involved with people of the same sex.

In the LGBT community

Bisexual erasure may stem from a belief that the bisexual community does not deserve equal status or inclusion within gay and lesbian communities.[15] This can take the form of omitting the word bisexual in the name of an organization or event that serves the whole LGBT community, including it as "bi-sexual",[16] or treating the subject of bisexuality in a derogatory way.[17]

There is some feeling in the bisexual community of being overlooked in the same-sex marriage debate and in the don't ask, don't tell debate.[18]

Media depictions

It has been observed that some media outlets have portrayed bisexual and gender-blurring behaviors in ancient and non-Western cultures,[19] such as ancient Greek pederasty or Native American Two-Spirits (defined in 1990), as proof that homosexuality has been widely accepted in other times and cultures,[20] even though it can also be seen as proof of the existence and acceptance of bisexuality, or the past acceptance of sexual expression.

In both the gay and straight media, individuals[21] who have kept their identity unknown have been portrayed as either gay or straight even though they have a bisexual behavior and lifestyle. This can be seen as an inclination to label others as gay or straight even if the individual's behavior points towards a bisexual identity. Those who have specifically identified as bisexual or have a clear history of significant experience with both same and opposite-sex partners are sometimes labeled as homosexual or heterosexual as well. A clear example of this is Robyn Ochs, a bisexual activist who was publicly misidentified as a lesbian on the day of her wedding,[18][22] or Lady Gaga sometimes being labelled either homosexual or heterosexual by the media even though she has publicly identified as bisexual.[23][24][25][26]

Other times, the media in both communities will refer to the "gay and lesbian" community and completely leave out bisexual or transgender people.[27]

Television

The character Willow Rosenberg in the series Buffy the Vampire Slayer was initially depicted as heterosexual and had romantic relationships with male characters. However, in later seasons she started having romantic relationships with female characters, at which point her past relationships with boys were almost completely ignored and she identified as gay, not bisexual.[28]

On December 30, 2009, MTV premiered their 23rd season of the show The Real World,[29] featuring two bisexual participants,[30][31] Emily Schromm,[32] and Mike Manning.[33] Although Manning himself identifies as bisexual,[33] many bloggers and commenters on blogs claimed that he was in fact gay.[34][35] Furthermore, while a behind-the-scenes MTV Aftershow and subsequent interview revealed that both Manning and Schromm had had encounters with both men and women while on the show, the show was edited to make it seem that they had been with only men.[36][37]

See also

Portal: LGBT – Übersicht zu Wikipedia-Inhalten zum Thema LGBT

References

Vorlage:Reflist

Further reading

  • Mariam Fraser: Identity Without Selfhood: Simone de Beauvoir and Bisexuality. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge and New York 1999, S. 124–140.

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  1. ↑ Word Of The Gay: BisexualErasure May 16, 2008 "Queers United"
  2. ↑ The B Word Suresha, Ron. "The B Word," Options (Rhode Island), November 2004
  3. ↑ Loraine Hutchins: Sexual Prejudice: The erasure of bisexuals in academia and the media. In: American Sexuality magazine. 3. Jahrgang, Nr. 4. National Sexuality Resource Center, 2005 (sfsu.edu).
  4. ↑ Loraine Hutchins: Sexual Prejudice - The erasure of bisexuals in academia and the media. In: American Sexuality Magazine. National Sexuality Resource Center, San Francisco State University, archiviert vom Original am 16. Dezember 2007; abgerufen am 19. Juli 2007.
  5. ↑ Queers United.
  6. ↑ Task Force Report On Bisexuality.
  7. ↑ HRC article on bisexuality.
  8. ↑ GLAAD TV Report.
  9. ↑ Maria, September 24, 2009. How Far Have We Come?, BiSocial News
  10. ↑ Thirteen On House.
  11. ↑ Michael Musto, April 7, 2009. Ever Meet a Real Bisexual?, The Village Voice
  12. ↑ Kenji Yoshino: The Epistemic Contract of Bisexual Erasure. In: Stanford Law Review. 52. Jahrgang, Nr. 2. Stanford Law School, Januar 2000, S. 353–461, doi:10.2307/1229482, JSTOR:1229482 (kenjiyoshino.com [PDF]).
  13. ↑ Why Do Lesbians Hate Bisexuals?
  14. ↑ Bisexual workers 'excluded by lesbian and gay colleagues'.
  15. ↑ Jillian Todd Weiss: GL vs. BT: The Archaeology of Biphobia and Transphobia Within the U.S. Gay and Lesbian Community. In: Journal of Bisexuality. 3. Jahrgang, Nr. 3/4. Haworth Press, 2004, S. 25–55 (ramapo.edu).
  16. ↑ http://www.bisexualindex.org.uk/index.php/Main/Bisexuality#hyphen
  17. ↑ Dan Savage-Stop with the Biphobia Already!
  18. ↑ a b Bisexuals Overlooked in the Debate on Equal Marriage Rights.
  19. ↑ Alexander the Great.
  20. ↑ Hall, Donald E. Bisexual Literature glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, & Queer Culture
  21. ↑ Claude J. Summers: BiNet USA. In: glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture. glbtq, Inc., 20. Oktober 2009;.
  22. ↑ Robyn Ochs LGBT Wikia.
  23. ↑ Lindsay Lohan: More Bisexual Than Lesbian.
  24. ↑ Lindsay Lohan says she's not a lesbian, but confirms relationship with Samantha.
  25. ↑ The Rise of Lady Gaga.
  26. ↑ Lady Gaga admits she’s bisexual.
  27. ↑ Anderson Cooper's Blog about "Gay and Lesbian" Issues In: CNN 
  28. ↑ ((cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0004916/bio |title=Willow Rosenberg))
  29. ↑ Real World DC.
  30. ↑ Real World Bisexuals.
  31. ↑ Show me your bisexuals.
  32. ↑ Emily Schromm talks.
  33. ↑ a b Mike Manning Metro Weekly.
  34. ↑ Mike Manning Bi history and controversy.
  35. ↑ Bi Now, Gay Later.
  36. ↑ Emily Schromm AfterEllen interview.
  37. ↑ Aftershow Real World Episode 8.
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