„Centre for Deaf Studies Bristol“ – Versionsunterschied
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⚫ | Das '''Centre for Deaf Studies''' war eine Abteilung der [[University of Bristol]] in England im Bereich der [[Deaf Studies]], die als Studium der „Sprache, Gemeinschaft und Kultur gehörloser Menschen“ definiert wurden.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bristol University Milestone for Deaf People|url=http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2008/5924.html|publisher=University of Bristol|accessdate=14 February 2016}}</ref> Das 1978 gegründete Zentrum war wohl die erste Hochschule in Europa, „die sich ausschließlich auf Forschung und Bildung konzentriert, die der Gehörlosengemeinschaft zugute kommen sollen“.<ref>{{cite web|title=Research study to examine genetics, power and Deafhood|url=http://www.bris.ac.uk/news/2010/7315.html|publisher=University of Bristol|accessdate=14 February 2016}}</ref> Das Zentrum war führend bei der Etablierung der Disziplinen ''Deaf Studies'' und Gehörlosigkeit (''Deafhood'').<ref>{{cite web|title=Deafhood|url=http://www.signstation.org/index.php/deafhood-studies|publisher=Signstation|accessdate=9 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Ditum|first1=Sarah|title=Deaf people's linguistic culture is being allowed to disintegrate|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/may/13/deaf-people-linguistic-culture-disintegrate|accessdate=9 December 2015|work=Guardian|date=13 May 2013}}</ref> Es verwendete die [[British Sign Language]] (BSL), verfolgte eine Politik der [[zweisprachig]]en Kommunikation in BSL und Englisch und beschäftigte mehrheitlich gehörlose Lehrkräfte.<ref name="About" /> |
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{{Short description|Department of the University of Bristol, England}} |
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Das Zentrum bot [[Bachelor of Science]]- (BSc) und [[Master of Science]]- (MSc) Studiengänge sowie Forschungsabschlüsse auf [[MPhil]]- und [[PhD]]-Niveau an. Die Universität Bristol gab im Mai 2010 Pläne bekannt, den BSc-Studiengang zu schließen, nachdem eine Kampagne der Unterstützer und Mitarbeiter des Zentrums gescheitert war.<ref>{{cite news|title=Campaign to save deaf studies degree at Bristol Uni|date=20 May 2010|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/bristol/8694686.stm|publisher=BBC|accessdate=9 December 2015}}</ref><ref name="savedeafstudies.org.uk">{{Cite web |url=http://www.savedeafstudies.org.uk/ |title=Save Deaf Studies |access-date=28 January 2013 |archive-date=27 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130427041154/http://www.savedeafstudies.org.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bis 2013 wurde das Zentrum von der Universität im Rahmen eines Entlassungs- und Personalabbauprogramms schrittweise geschlossen.<ref>{{cite web|title=Save the Centre for Deaf Studies at University of Bristol|date=June 2010|url=https://educationactivistnetwork.wordpress.com/2010/06/01/save-the-centre-for-deaf-studies-at-university-of-bristol/|publisher=Education Activist Network|accessdate=9 December 2015}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
Version vom 9. Juli 2024, 20:59 Uhr
Das Centre for Deaf Studies war eine Abteilung der University of Bristol in England im Bereich der Deaf Studies, die als Studium der „Sprache, Gemeinschaft und Kultur gehörloser Menschen“ definiert wurden.[1] Das 1978 gegründete Zentrum war wohl die erste Hochschule in Europa, „die sich ausschließlich auf Forschung und Bildung konzentriert, die der Gehörlosengemeinschaft zugute kommen sollen“.[2] Das Zentrum war führend bei der Etablierung der Disziplinen Deaf Studies und Gehörlosigkeit (Deafhood).[3][4] Es verwendete die British Sign Language (BSL), verfolgte eine Politik der zweisprachigen Kommunikation in BSL und Englisch und beschäftigte mehrheitlich gehörlose Lehrkräfte.[5]
Das Zentrum bot Bachelor of Science- (BSc) und Master of Science- (MSc) Studiengänge sowie Forschungsabschlüsse auf MPhil- und PhD-Niveau an. Die Universität Bristol gab im Mai 2010 Pläne bekannt, den BSc-Studiengang zu schließen, nachdem eine Kampagne der Unterstützer und Mitarbeiter des Zentrums gescheitert war.[6][7] Bis 2013 wurde das Zentrum von der Universität im Rahmen eines Entlassungs- und Personalabbauprogramms schrittweise geschlossen.[8]
History
The centre was founded in 1978. Early research into the acquisition and usage of BSL was the first funded research into the topic in the UK.[9] In 1980, the Centre produced the first coding manual for BSL, followed by the first textbook on the language in 1985.[10] In 1980, the Centre ran the first National Conference on Sign Language in the UK, and the following year it hosted the first International Conference on Sign Language to be held in the UK. It also organised the first International Deaf Researchers Workshop in 1985.[11]
In 1984, the Centre coined the term "deaf studies",[9] and in 2001, it established the first professorship in the discipline. Also in 2001, it employed a deaf director, the first time that the head of a European academic Centre had been deaf.[12] In 2003, the book Understanding Deaf Culture: In Search of Deafhood, by the centre's researcher Paddy Ladd, popularised the term "deafhood", which Ladd had coined in 1990.[13][14]
Research
Research at the Centre fell into five areas: the language, linguistics and literature of sign language; acquisition of sign language; community and deaf culture, known as "deafhood"; cognition and psychology; and the applications of technology, such as videotelephony and e-learning.[15] An audio-visual phone went on trial with the Avon and Somerset Police.[16]
Courses and services
The centre was an innovator in education.[17][18] In 1981, it offered the first university-level certificate course in BSL for professionals. In 1985, it started a diploma course, social science in deaf studies. This was followed in 1987 by a part-time course in sign language interpretation, which became full-time in 1990. In 1992, the centre established the earliest full-time, university-level training programme for Deaf people to be taught in sign language. In 1993, a Diploma of Higher Education was established, the earliest undergraduate course on deaf studies in the UK, and in 1999, the first BSc and MSc in deaf studies followed.[19]
Bristol was one of a handful of universities in the UK to offer an undergraduate degree in deaf studies.[20] In May 2010, the university announced plans to close the undergraduate course as part of a drive to save £15 million.[21] The campaign against this focussed on the lack of justice in targeting staff and students with particular needs, and the aggressiveness of the university's approach to the CDS, led by the Dean, Dr Judith Squires.[7] There were accusations that her Faculty saved other units only by sacrificing the CDS. The shutdown of the programme was successful and the last students from the undergraduate degree graduated in 2013.Vorlage:Citation needed
The Centre offered until recently taught postgraduate courses: a certificate and diploma in deaf studies, and an MSc in Deaf Studies.[22] The centre also offered a range of short courses, including BSL, BSL interpreting and Deafhood studies. Deafstation, a daily news service in BSL, was run by the centre.[23]
Staff
In 2012, close to closure, the centre's director was Sandra Smith. The Harry Crook Professor in Deaf Studies was Jim Kyle, who was at Bristol for over 20 years and is a leading expert on Deaf policy.[24][25] Other researchers included a Reader, Dr Paddy Ladd, a lecturer, Dr Sarah Batterbury, and several researchers.[26] The majority of teaching staff were Deaf.[5] In late 2012, the academic staff were offered part-time contracts only, or redundancy - to take effect in 2013. All accepted redundancy, except Prof. Kyle. The Deaf community accused Bristol University of trying to close the Centre through staff attrition; by shutting the undergraduate degree, they were able to claim that few staff were needed for teaching.[7]
Closure
The university stopped admitting students in 2013. University Council passed a resolution with only a vote of dissent. CDS' closure was the first event in a double-shock for Bristol's Deaf community. The very next day, Bristol Deaf Club (an organisation not connected to the CDS, but attended by many CDS staff and the hub for the Bristol Deaf community) announced that it was selling its building to the Elim church [27]
References
{{authority control}} [[Category:University of Bristol]] [[Category:Deafness organizations]] [[Category:Cultural studies organizations]] [[Category:Organizations established in 1978]] [[Category:Deaf studies]] [[Category:Deaf culture in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:1978 establishments in England]]
- ↑ Bristol University Milestone for Deaf People. University of Bristol, abgerufen am 14. Februar 2016.
- ↑ Research study to examine genetics, power and Deafhood. University of Bristol, abgerufen am 14. Februar 2016.
- ↑ Deafhood. Signstation, abgerufen am 9. Dezember 2015.
- ↑ Sarah Ditum: Deaf people's linguistic culture is being allowed to disintegrate In: Guardian, 13 May 2013. Abgerufen im 9 December 2015
- ↑ a b University of Bristol: Centre for Deaf Studies: About the Centre (accessed 12 May 2010)
- ↑ Campaign to save deaf studies degree at Bristol Uni, BBC, 20 May 2010. Abgerufen im 9 December 2015
- ↑ a b c Save Deaf Studies. Archiviert vom am 27. April 2013; abgerufen am 28. Januar 2013.
- ↑ Save the Centre for Deaf Studies at University of Bristol. Education Activist Network, Juni 2010, abgerufen am 9. Dezember 2015.
- ↑ a b Jemina Napier, Lorraine Leeson: Sign Language in Action. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015, ISBN 978-1-137-30978-5 (google.com).
- ↑ Genie Gertz, Patrick Boudreault: The SAGE Deaf Studies Encyclopedia. SAGE Publications, 2016, ISBN 978-1-5063-4166-8 (google.com).
- ↑ Cynthia J. Kellett Bidoli, Elana Ochse: English in International Deaf Communication. Peter Lang, 2008, ISBN 978-3-03911-610-2, S. 433 (google.com).
- ↑ Linda Day - Vice Chair. British Deaf Association, abgerufen am 14. Februar 2016.
- ↑ Ladd P. Understanding Deaf Culture: In Search of Deafhood, p. xviii (Multilingual Matters; 2003) (Vorlage:ISBN)
- ↑ Snider B. A Global View. Gallaudet Today Summer 1993: 28–31 (accessed 12 May 2010)
- ↑ Centre for Deaf Studies. University of Bristol, archiviert vom am 31. Januar 2016; abgerufen am 9. Dezember 2015.
- ↑ BBC News: Avon and Somerset Police trial new audio-visual phone (8 May 2010) (accessed 14 May 2010)
- ↑ New app will help make sign language communication more accessible. University of Bristol, abgerufen am 9. Dezember 2015.
- ↑ Innovations in information delivery for sign language users. University of Bristol, abgerufen am 9. Dezember 2015.
- ↑ A history of CDS: the heritage that will be lost with closure. Save Deaf Studies, abgerufen am 14. Februar 2016.
- ↑ Atherton M. Deaf studies. Independent (1 February 2008) (accessed 12 May 2010)
- ↑ Staff and students turned out in force to protest at Bristol University's plan to cut deaf studies. Bristol Evening Post (11 May 2010) web.archive.org Fehler bei Vorlage * Parametername unbekannt (Vorlage:Webarchiv): "date" Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: Genau einer der Parameter 'wayback', 'webciteID', 'archive-today', 'archive-is' oder 'archiv-url' muss angegeben werden. Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: enWP-Wert im Parameter 'url'. (accessed 12 May 2010)
- ↑ World's first masters degree in Deafhood Studies. University of Bristol, abgerufen am 14. Februar 2016.
- ↑ Deafstation web.archive.org Fehler bei Vorlage * Parametername unbekannt (Vorlage:Webarchiv): "date" Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: Genau einer der Parameter 'wayback', 'webciteID', 'archive-today', 'archive-is' oder 'archiv-url' muss angegeben werden. Fehler bei Vorlage:Webarchiv: enWP-Wert im Parameter 'url'. (accessed 12 May 2010)
- ↑ Professor Jim Kyle. University of Bristol, abgerufen am 9. Dezember 2015.
- ↑ Survey for a new MSc in Sign Language and Deaf Studies. Signature, 8. Oktober 2014, abgerufen am 9. Dezember 2015.
- ↑ Deaf Studies. In: Bristol Research. University of Bristol, abgerufen am 14. September 2017.
- ↑ One day after Bristol University's Centre for Deaf Studies closes, letter reveals Bristol Deaf Centre will be sold. Limping Chicken, 2. August 2013, abgerufen am 9. Dezember 2015.