„Israel Sign Language“ – Versionsunterschied
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== Deaf community == | == Deaf community == | ||
{{ | {{more citations needed section|date=May 2019}} | ||
The beginnings of an established Deaf community in Israel started with the 1936 Tel-Aviv [[Purim]] parade, when groups from Jerusalem, Tel-Aviv and Haifa met for the first time. This led to the creation of the Association of the Deaf in Israel.<ref name="Currents-Keller">{{cite web |url=https://jewishcurrents.org/june-27-helen-keller-and-the-jews-2/ |title=June 27: Helen Keller and the Jews |date=June 26, 2016 |first=Lawrence |last=Bush |work=Jewish Currents}}</ref> The first official board was elected in 1944, with Moshe Bamberger as its first president. The association organized lectures, trips, and holiday celebrations. The community grew as refugees from World War Two fled to Israel, and the association helped new arrivals integrate into the Israeli community by helping them learn Israeli Sign Language and helping them find work. The association completed their Tel-Aviv headquarters, Helen Keller House, in 1958.<ref name="Currents-Keller"/> | The beginnings of an established Deaf community in Israel started with the 1936 Tel-Aviv [[Purim]] parade, when groups from Jerusalem, Tel-Aviv and Haifa met for the first time. This led to the creation of the Association of the Deaf in Israel.<ref name="Currents-Keller">{{cite web |url=https://jewishcurrents.org/june-27-helen-keller-and-the-jews-2/ |title=June 27: Helen Keller and the Jews |date=June 26, 2016 |first=Lawrence |last=Bush |work=Jewish Currents}}</ref> The first official board was elected in 1944, with Moshe Bamberger as its first president. The association organized lectures, trips, and holiday celebrations. The community grew as refugees from World War Two fled to Israel, and the association helped new arrivals integrate into the Israeli community by helping them learn Israeli Sign Language and helping them find work. The association completed their Tel-Aviv headquarters, Helen Keller House, in 1958.<ref name="Currents-Keller"/> | ||
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The [[manual alphabet]] is quite similar to that of [[American Sign Language]]. The correspondences are as follows: | The [[manual alphabet]] is quite similar to that of [[American Sign Language]]. The correspondences are as follows: | ||
* | *א {{ayin}} as ASL 'A', but with thumb extended | ||
* | *ב ''b'' as ASL 'B' | ||
* | *ג ''g'' as ASL 'G' | ||
* | *ד ''d'' as ASL 'D', but with fingers 3, 4, 5 flat and tips touching tip of thumb | ||
* | *ה ''h'' as ASL 'H' | ||
* | *ו ''v'' as ASL '1' | ||
* | *ז ''z'' as ASL 'Z' | ||
* | *ח ''ch'' as ASL '8', but with only index and pinkie extended | ||
* | *ט ''t'' as ASL 'F' | ||
* | *י ''j'' as ASL 'I' | ||
* | *כ ''k'' as ASL 'C' | ||
* | *ל ''l'' as ASL 'L' | ||
* | *מ ''m'' as ASL 'M' | ||
* | *נ ''n'' as ASL 'N' | ||
* | *ס ''s'' as ASL 'S' | ||
* | *ע {{ayin}} as bent ASL 'V' (like 'X', but with two bent fingers) | ||
* | *פ ''p'' as ASL 'P' | ||
* | *צ ''ts'' as ASL '3' | ||
* | *ק ''q'' as ASL 'K' | ||
* | *ר ''r'' as ASL 'R' | ||
* | *ש ''sh'' as ASL 'W' | ||
* | *ת ''t'' as ASL 'T' | ||
Unexpected correspondences are ASL 'F' for Hebrew ט ''tet'' (analogous to Greek ''theta'' becoming Cyrillic ''[[fita]]''), '1' rather than 'U' or 'V' for ו ''vav'', old-fashioned 'C' and 'K' rather than 'K' and 'Q' for כ ''kaf'' and | Unexpected correspondences are ASL 'F' for Hebrew ט ''tet'' (analogous to Greek ''theta'' becoming Cyrillic ''[[fita]]''), '1' rather than 'U' or 'V' for ו ''vav'', old-fashioned 'C' and 'K' rather than 'K' and 'Q' for כ ''kaf'' and ק ''qof'' (both are pronounced like an English 'k' or hard 'c'), '3' for צ ''tsade'', and 'W' for ש ''shin'' (reflecting its shape). | ||
If needed, one may indicate the final forms of letters, | If needed, one may indicate the final forms of letters, ך ם ן ף ץ, by moving the hand downward. To specify שׂ ''sin'', the hand is turned to face the signer (showing the back of the hand). | ||
==See also== | ==See also== |
Version vom 1. Januar 2021, 17:18 Uhr
Israeli Sign Language, or ISL, is the most commonly used sign language in the deaf community of Israel. Some other sign languages are also used in Israel, among them Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language.
History
The history of ISL goes back to 1873 in Germany, where Marcus Reich, a German Jew, opened a special school for Jewish deaf children. At the time, it was considered one of the best of its kind, which made it popular with Jewish deaf children from all over the world as well as non-Jews. In 1932, several teachers from this school opened the first school for Jewish deaf children in Jerusalem. The sign language used in the Jerusalemite school was influenced by the German Sign Language (DGS), but other sign languages or signing systems brought by immigrants also contributed to the emerging language, which started out as a pidgin. A local creole gradually emerged, which became ISL.[1]
ISL still shares many features and vocabulary items with DGS, although it is too far apart today to be considered a dialect of the latter.
During the 1940s, ISL became the language of a well-established community of Jewish deaf people in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. Today ISL is the most used and taught sign language in Israel, and serves as the main mode of communication for most deaf people in Israel, including Jewish, Muslim and Christian Arabs, Druze, and Bedouins. Some Arab, Druze, and Bedouin towns and villages have sign languages of their own.
In addition to ISL, there is also Hebrew manually coded language used as a tool to teaching deaf children the Hebrew language, and for communication between deaf and hearing people.
Deaf community
Vorlage:More citations needed section The beginnings of an established Deaf community in Israel started with the 1936 Tel-Aviv Purim parade, when groups from Jerusalem, Tel-Aviv and Haifa met for the first time. This led to the creation of the Association of the Deaf in Israel.[2] The first official board was elected in 1944, with Moshe Bamberger as its first president. The association organized lectures, trips, and holiday celebrations. The community grew as refugees from World War Two fled to Israel, and the association helped new arrivals integrate into the Israeli community by helping them learn Israeli Sign Language and helping them find work. The association completed their Tel-Aviv headquarters, Helen Keller House, in 1958.[2]
Education
Vorlage:Unreferenced section The first school for the deaf was established in 1932, a strict boarding school in Jerusalem that taught oralism. Two other oralist schools were established in Tel-Aviv in 1941 and Haifa in 1949. The emphasis on oralism began to change in the 1970s, when Izchak Schlesinger began to research ISL, and with Israel hosting the Fourth International Conference on Deafness in 1973.
Manual alphabet
The manual alphabet is quite similar to that of American Sign Language. The correspondences are as follows:
- א Vorlage:Ayin as ASL 'A', but with thumb extended
- ב b as ASL 'B'
- ג g as ASL 'G'
- ד d as ASL 'D', but with fingers 3, 4, 5 flat and tips touching tip of thumb
- ה h as ASL 'H'
- ו v as ASL '1'
- ז z as ASL 'Z'
- ח ch as ASL '8', but with only index and pinkie extended
- ט t as ASL 'F'
- י j as ASL 'I'
- כ k as ASL 'C'
- ל l as ASL 'L'
- מ m as ASL 'M'
- נ n as ASL 'N'
- ס s as ASL 'S'
- ע Vorlage:Ayin as bent ASL 'V' (like 'X', but with two bent fingers)
- פ p as ASL 'P'
- צ ts as ASL '3'
- ק q as ASL 'K'
- ר r as ASL 'R'
- ש sh as ASL 'W'
- ת t as ASL 'T'
Unexpected correspondences are ASL 'F' for Hebrew ט tet (analogous to Greek theta becoming Cyrillic fita), '1' rather than 'U' or 'V' for ו vav, old-fashioned 'C' and 'K' rather than 'K' and 'Q' for כ kaf and ק qof (both are pronounced like an English 'k' or hard 'c'), '3' for צ tsade, and 'W' for ש shin (reflecting its shape).
If needed, one may indicate the final forms of letters, ך ם ן ף ץ, by moving the hand downward. To specify שׂ sin, the hand is turned to face the signer (showing the back of the hand).
See also
References
Further reading
- Meir, Irit & Sandler, Wendy. (2007) A Language in Space: The Story of Israel Sign Language. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
External links
- Israeli Sign Language Dictionary, Institute for the Advancement of Deaf Persons in Israel
- Israeli Sign Language, Sign Language Research Laboratory
Vorlage:Languages of Israel Vorlage:Sign language navigation
- ↑ Irit Meir, Wendy Sandler, Carol Padden, Mark Aronoff: Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies, Language, and Education. vol. 2. Oxford University Press, New York 2010, ISBN 978-0-19-539003-2, Chapter 18: Emerging sign languages (google.com [abgerufen am 5. November 2016]).
- ↑ a b Lawrence Bush: June 27: Helen Keller and the Jews. In: Jewish Currents. 26. Juni 2016 .