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Over the centuries, cities in Europe have changed a great deal, rising and falling in size and influence. These tables give an idea of estimated population at various dates from the earliest times to the most recent:

Timeline: Neolithic–Bronze Age–Iron Age–ancient Greece–Roman Republic (7000–1 B.C.)

City70006500 – 60005000400038003000 – 25002000160013001000700600500 – 400300200100 – 1
Athens10,000 – 15,0002,500 – 5,0005,000 – 10,00070,000 – 100,000 – 130,000150,000 – 350,000 – 610,000120,000 – 200,000 – 300,000 – 431,000100,000 – 200,000[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]
Argos600 – 1,2005,000 – 10,00030,000 – 60,000[3][14][22][23][24][25]
Aegina20,000 – 40,000[26]
Akrotiri8,000 – 15,000 – 30,000[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]
Agrigento200,000 – 800,000[36][37][38][39][40]
Avaricum40,000[41]
Bibracte30,000[42]
Cerveteri25,000 – 40,000[43][44][45][46][47]
Capua100,000300,000100,000[48][49][50][51][52][53]
Choirokoitia300 – 6002,000[54][55][56][57][58][59][60]
Corinth5,000[61]50,000 – 90,000 – 100,000[62][63][64]
Crotone50,000 – 80,000[65]
Dobrovody10,000 – 16,000[66][67]
Dimini300[68]
Durrington Walls4,000[69][70][71]
Fedorivka6,000[67]
Gournia4,000[72][73]
Heuneburg10,000[74][75][76][77]
Ischia5,000 – 10,000[78][79][80]
Knossos1001,0001,300 – 2,00018,00020,000 – 40,000 – 100,00030,0005,000 – 10,000[3][14][27][81][82][83][84][85][86][87]
Lepenski Vir150 – 1,000[88][89][90][91][92][93]
Mycenae20,000[94]30,000 – 35,000[87][95]
Manika (Greece)6000 – 15,000[96][97][98][99][100][101]
Malia700 – 1,0005,000 – 10,000 – 12.500[27]
Maidanetske10,000 – 29,000 – 46,000[66][102][103]
Nea Nikomedeia500 – 700[104]
Okolište1000 – 3000[102]
Palaikastro18,000[27][105]
Populonia25,000 – 40,000[45][46][106][107]
Tarquinia20,000 – 25,000 – 40,000[45][46][106][107]
Vinča-Belo Brdo2000 – 2500[108][109]
Veii25,000 – 40,000 – 100,000[45][46][106][107][110][111][112]
Volsinii13,000 – 25,000 – 40,000[45][46][106][107]
Vulci15,000 – 25,000 – 40,000[45][46][106][107]
Sesklo3001000 – 5000[113][114][115][116][117]
Sparta40,000 – 50,000[2][118]
Syracuse, Sicily200,000 – 800,000 – 1,200,000200,000 – 400,000[40][119][120][121][122][123][124][125]
Sybaris100,000 – 300,000[126][65][127][128][129][130]
Solnitsata350[131][132]
Tiryns1,200 – 1,80010,00015,000[133][134][62]
Nebelivka17,000[67]
Taranto100,000 – 300,000[53][135][136]
Talianky15,000 – 30,000[67][137][138][139]
Thebes, Greece4,000 – 6,0008,00030,000 – 60,000[140]

[141][142][143][144]

Los Millares1,000 – 2,300[145][146][147]
Pavlopetri5002,000[148][149]
Rome3,145 – 7,40024,240 – 60,60080,000130,000250,000 – 300,000350,000500,000 – 1,000,000[53][150][151][152][153]

[154][155][156][157][158][159][160][161]

Rhodes100,000 – 200,000100,000[20][21][162]

Timeline: Roman Empire–modern age (1–1800 A.D.)

City1 – 100200300400500600700800900100011001200130014001500160017001800
Agrigento50,000[163]
Athens30,000 – 90,000110,00025,00035,000 – 50,00040,000[164][165][166][167]
Aquileia12,000 – 100,000100,000[168][169][170]
Augsburg25,000 – 50,00025,000 – 50,00012,00050,00030,000 – 50,00045,000 – 50,000 – 100,00026,00028,000 – 32,000[171][172][173][174][175][176][177]
Amalfi80,000[178]
Antwerp5,00020,000100,000 – 200,00046,000 – 90,00075,000[179][180][181][182][183]
Arles75,000 – 100,000[184][185][186]
Autun40,000 – 100,000[187][188][189]
Amsterdam30,00065,000 – 100,000 – 175,000175,000 – 200,000 – 210,000195,000 – 201,000[182][190][191][192]
Barcelona50,00060,000 – 70,000100,000[192][193][194][195]
Bruges50,000125,000 – 200,000[196][197]
Bucharest60,00050,000[198]
Brussels30,000100,000100,00070,000[181][191][199]
Bordeaux15,00030,000 – 40,00050,000100,000[200][201][202][166][170]
Berlin6,00012,00020,000172,000[191][203]
Bologna35,00050,000 – 70,000[166][204][205]
Bolgar25,000 – 30,00050,000[198]
Capua30,000[170]
Carnuntum12,000 – 50,00050,00050,000[206][207][208]
Cádiz100,00087,000[189][209]
Corinth100,000 – 200,000 – 700,00045,000 + in 856 AD.[210][62][211][212][213][214]
Constantinople12,000400,000400,000 – 800,000100,000 – 800,000100,000 – 800,000100,000 – 250,000500,000 – 1,000,000500,000300,000400,00070,000100,000400,000 – 660,000700,000300,000 – 700,000400,000 – 570,000[215][216][217][218][219][220][221][222][223][224][166][167]
Córdoba45,000350,00060,000[189][204][225]
Cologne40,00040,00015,000 – 20,00021,00020,00021,000 – 50,00050,000 – 60,00050,000 – 60,00040,00045,00040,00050,000[205][226][227][228][229][230]
Danzig30,00060,000 – 80,000[171][231]
Dublin1,000 – 2,0004,000 – 5,00010,00020,00075,000200,000[232][233][234][235]
Edirne (Adrianople)10,00028,000125,000160,000 – 183,00093,000100,000[198]
Feodosia40,00085,000 – 88,00050,00040,00036,000 – 44,000[198]
Florence15,00050,000 – 60,00080,000 – 120,00070,00070,000[236][182][205][226][237][238]
Gela30,000[163]
Genoa80,00050,000100,000100,00060,00070,00090,000[236][182][205][239][240][241]
Ghent5,00010,00060,000 – 80,00070,000 – 80,00080,000 – 150,000 – 175,000 – 200,000[180][196][242][243][244][245][246][247][193]
Gortyna22,500[248]
Granada26,000150,000100,00070,000[249][250][200]
Hamburg8,00015,000 – 20,00040,000 – 60,000 – 100,00063,000 – 75,000117,000 – 130,000[171][173][177][231][191][251]
Kyiv10,00018,000[252][253]
Lisbon35,00050,000 – 60,00060,000 – 70,000 – 120,000120,000 – 140,000200,000237,000[209][254][255][256]
London30,00045,000 – 50,000 – 60,00010,000 – 12,00020,000 – 25,00010,000 – 20,00020,000 – 25,00050,000 – 100,00050,000 – 100,000 – 120,000225,000 – 410,000550,000 – 700,000861,000 – 1,000,000[224][257][258][259][260][261][262][263][264]
Lugdunum (Lyon)50,000 – 100,000 – 200,00050,000 – 100,000 – 200,00012,00020,00040,000 – 70,00040,000 – 70,000100,000150,000[231][265][205][266][267][268][269][270]
Leuven45,000[271]
Lublin40,000 – 70,000[198]
Lübeck6,00024,00030,000 – 37,00032,00024,000[198]
Madrid60,000105,000182,000[231][191][251]
Magdeburg30,00040,000 – 45,000[171][230]
Marseille15,00080,000 – 100,00080,00083,000 – 100,000[231][191][192][251][166][170]
Mainz15,00020,00030,00025,00024,00020,00020,000 – 42,000[272][166][170]
Messina100,000[190][251][273]
Milan30,000 – 40,00040,000100,00090,000200,000125,000100,000180,000113,000122,000 – 250,000[50][236][274][189][191][240][251][275][276][277][278][170]
Metz40,00025,00040,000[265][269][279]
Montpellier30,000 – 40,00015,00040,000[265][280]
Moscow20,000 – 30,00030,000 – 40,000100,000200,000200,000270,000[281][282]
Narbonne20,00030,000 – 50,00031,000[187][205][166][170]
Naples30,00050,00030,00030,00050,000 – 60,000200,000350,000207,000500,000[236][191][205][283][284][285][286][287][288][289]
Nimes40,000 – 60,00040,000[265][290][291][292][293]
Nuremberg10,00020,00020,00020,000 – 52,00040,000 – 50,000 – 100,00027,000[173][175][177][251][294][295][296]
Ostia Antica20,000 – 50,000 – 100,00050,000 – 100,000[297][298][299][300][301][302]
Ohrid40,000[198]
Palermo60,000 – 350,000150,000150,00050,000100,000124,000135,000[303][190][191][304][256]
Paris8,00030,00020,000 – 30,00020,000 – 30,00020,00050,000110,000 – 160,000228,000 – 275,000 – 300,000280,000225,000245,000 – 420,000515,000546,000 – 830,000[205][224][305][306][307][265][308][309][166][310]
Padua25,000 – 40,00025,000 – 40,00025,000 – 40,00040,000[166][311]
Philippi10,000 – 100,000[312][167]
Pliska44,000[198]
Plovdiv20,00020,00030,000[198]
Pozzuoli30,000 – 100,000[50][313][174][170]
Pskov35,00052,000 – 60,000[198]
Preslav60,00060,000[314]
Prague10,000[315]22,00040,000 – 77,00095,000 – 100,00070,000100,00048,00077,000 – 100,000[316][191][317]
Regensburg25,00040,000[274][269]
Reims30,000 – 50,00030,000[187][265]
Rome1,000,000 – 1,650,0001,000,0001,200,0001,100,000100,00090,00040,000 – 50,00050,00030,00020,00050,000 – 55,00090,000 – 110,000120,000 – 150,000150,000[150][151][152][153][154][155][156][157][158][182][215][318][319][320][321][322][323][166][170]
Ravenna50,00050,000[184]
Rhodes40,000[167]
Rouen10,00030,00040,00070,00040,000 – 70,00040,000 – 70,00063,00080,000 – 90,000[191][265][269][270][317][324][325]
Saint Petersburg100,000+220,000 – 425,000[192][326]
Salerno50,00050,00030,0004,000[205][304]
Smolensk20,000 – 30,000 – 40,00025,00050,00064,00040,000[327][328]
Sarai100,00 – 600,000[329]
Speyer30,000+30,00020,000[198]
Seville90,000150,00025,000100,000 – 300,00080,00096,000[330][190][191][200]
Siena50,000 – 120,000[331]25,000[332]
Stara Zagora35,00030,00040,00038,000[198]
Syracuse, Sicily80,000 – 90,000[189][163]
Thessaloniki30,000 – 200,00050,00040,000150,000150,000100,000 – 150,000100,000 – 150,000[252][333][334][335][336][337][166][167]
Trakai50,000[198]
Trnovo48,00035,000[198]
Targoviste25,000 – 40,00050,000 – 60,00045,000 – 60,000[198]
Trier70,000 – 80,000 – 100,00070,000 – 80,000 – 100,00015,00020,000[205][269][338][339][340][184]
Toulouse20,00040,00050,00030,00040,00024,00050,00043,00050,000[341][271][265][342][343][344][345]
Venice60,00080,000110,000 – 180,000110,000 – 150,000100,000 – 170,000200,000140,000140,000[236][274][238][239][346]
Verona20,000 – 25,00040,000[347][348]
Veliky Novgorod10,000 – 15,000 – 18,00020,000 – 30,000 – 40,00050,000 – 60,000 – 400,00050,000[349][350][351][352]
Vienna15,000 – 20,00015,000 – 20,00012,00020,00024,00045,00030,000 – 50,000 – 60,000100,000 – 113,000250,000[171][177][231][191][296][208][353][354]
Worms28,000 – 60,00020,000[198]
Ypres40,000 – 80,000 – 200,00040,000 – 80,000 – 200,000[205][201][355][356][357][358][359][360]
Zadar30,000[361]

Data from Hohenberg and Lees (1985)

Data from Chandler (1987)

CityCountry430 B.C.200 B.C.A.D. 100A.D. 361A.D. 500A.D. 622
SevilleSpain37–40,00040,000
LondonUnited Kingdom30,000
SyracuseItaly125,000100,00051–60,00045–50,000
RomeItaly35,000150,000450,000150,000100,00050,000
MilanItaly30,00040,000
AthensGreece155,00075,00075,00050–60,000
CorinthGreece70,00070,00050,000
Byzantium/
Constantinople		Turkey36,000300,000400,000350,000
CityCountry80090010001100115012001250130013501400145015001550157516001650
LondonUnited Kingdom15,00025,00040,00045,00050,00060,00050,00074,000112,000187,000410,000
LisbonPortugal15,00015,00015,00035,00045,00055,00060,00055,00062,00085,000100,000170,000
CórdobaSpain160,000200,000450,00060,00060,00060,00040,00036,00030,00032,000
SevilleSpain35,00040,00090,000125,000125,000150,00075,00090,00060,00060,00060,00046,00070,000100,000126,00060,000
GranadaSpain60,00060,00060,00075,00090,00060,00090,000165,00070,00070,00060,00068,000
MadridSpain80,000125,000
ParisFrance25,00020,00030,00050,000110,000160,000228,000215,000280,000150,000185,000210,000220,000245,000455,000
AmsterdamNetherlands48,000165,000
RomeItaly50,00040,00035,00035,00035,00030,00033,00038,00058,00070,000102,000110,000
TurinItaly25,00030,00030,00035,00040,00040,00040,00075,000114,000209,000215,000224,000265,000
MilanItaly25,00020,00030,00042,00045,00060,00065,00060,00050,00080,00083,00089,00075,00098,000107,000105,000
PalermoItaly35,00075,00090,000125,000150,00075,00035,00025,00039,00060,00070,000105,000132,000
VeniceItaly35,00045,00055,00060,00070,00090,000110,00085,000110,000100,000115,000171,000157,000151,000134,000
CopenhagenDenmark15,00022,00030,00040,00055,00076,00080,00084,00090,000110,000
PragueCzech Republic25,00035,00035,00033,000
Constantinople/
Istanbul		Turkey250,000300,000300,000200,000200,000150,000100,000100,00080,00075,00045,000200,000660,000680,000700,000700,000
SmolenskRussia80,000100,000120,000
MoscowRussia30,00080,00075,00060,00080,000100,000
CityCountry167517001750177518001825185018621875190019141925193619501975
LondonUnited Kingdom485,000550,000676,000710,000861,0001,335,0002,320,0002,803,0004,241,0006,480,0007,419,0007,742,0009,710,0008,860,00010,500,000
LisbonPortugal178,000188,000213,000219,000237,000258,000262,000280,000243,000363,000455,000567,000875,0001,600,000
CórdobaSpain27,00028,00034,00052,000
SevilleSpain80,00068,00096,00083,000117,000148,000212,000383,000685,000
GranadaSpain35,00045,00053,00058,00075,000
MadridSpain115,000105,000110,000132,000182,000201,000216,000303,000373,000539,000623,000791,0001,220,0001,527,0004,150,000
ParisFrance540,000530,000556,000600,000547,000855,0001,314,0001,800,0002,250,0003,330,0004,000,0004,800,0005,950,0005,900,0009,400,000
AmsterdamNetherlands195,000210,000219,000209,000195,000196,000225,000268,000289,000510,000601,000718,000859,0001,800,000
RomeItaly105,000138,000146,000148,000142,000125,000158,000194,000251,000438,000570,000758,0001,155,0001,665,0003,600,000
NaplesItaly170,000207,000310,000355,000430,000350,000413,000447,000450,000563,000691,000852,0001,210,0001,900,000
MilanItaly114,000113,000110,000117,000122,000156,000182,000226,000267,000491,000655,000917,0001,103,0001,400,0003,800,000
PalermoItaly128,000125,000111,000127,000135,000154,000170,000175,000188,000255,000370,000470,000672,000
VeniceItaly138,000143,000158,000151,000146,00099,000141,000171,000226,000354,000
BerlinGermany26,000113,000136,000172,000222,000446,000582,0001,045,0002,707,0003,500,0004,013,0004,226,0003,707,0002,000,000
BudapestHungary--------309,208733,385880,371960,9951,060,4311,629,0002,026,543
PragueCzech Republic48,00058,00077,00098,000117,000474,000670,000745,000951,0001,275,000
CopenhagenDenmark30,000181,000571,0001,140,0003,300,000
Constantinople/
Istanbul		Turkey750,000700,000625,000600,000570,000675,000785,000820,000873,000900,0001,125,000817,0001,035,0003,200,000
EdirneTurkey100,00085,00082,00080,00088,00085,000
MoscowRussia105,000114,000146,000177,000248,000257,000373,000346,000600,0001,120,0001,805,0001,764,0004,050,0005,100,00010,700,000
Saint PetersburgRussia74,000164,000220,000438,000502,000565,000764,0001,439,0002,133,0001,430,0002,983,0002,700,0004,280,000

See also

Notes and references

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source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_European_cities_in_history
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