This article lists historical urban community sizes based on the estimated populations of selected human settlements from 7000 BC – AD 1875, organized by archaeological periods.
Many of the figures are uncertain, especially in ancient times. Estimating population sizes before censuses were conducted is a difficult task.[1]
Neolithic settlements
Town | Location | 7000 BC | 6000 BC | 5000 BC | 4000 BC | 3800 BC | 3700 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
'Ain Ghazal | Jordan | 2,501[2] | |||||
Beidha | Jordan | 1,000[3] | |||||
Çatalhöyük | Turkey | 1,000[3][2]–10,000[4] | |||||
Choirokoitia[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] | Cyprus | 300–600 | 2,000 | ||||
Lepenski Vir | Serbia | 150–1,000[12][13][14][15][16][17] | |||||
Nea Nikomedeia | Greece | 500–700[18] | |||||
Okoliste | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,000–3,000[19] | |||||
Vinča-Belo Brdo | Serbia | 2,000–2,500[20][21] | |||||
Sesklo | Greece | 1,000–5,000[22][23][24][25] | |||||
Dobrovody | Ukraine | 16,000[26] | 10,000–16,000[27][28][29] | ||||
Fedorovka | Ukraine | 6,000[26] | |||||
Mehrgarh | Pakistan | 1,000–10,000[30] | |||||
Maydanets | Ukraine | 10,000[26] | 10,000–46,000[a][31] | ||||
Nebelivka | Ukraine | 17,000[26] | |||||
Talianki | Ukraine | 15,000–25,000–30,000[26][32][33] | 10,000–15,000[34][35][unreliable source?] | ||||
Tell Brak | Syria | 4,000[3] | 5,000[3] | ||||
Uruk | Iraq | 5,000[3] |
Bronze Age
City | Location | 3700 BC | 3400 BC | 3100 BC | 2800 BC | 2600 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adab | Iraq | 11,000[36] | ||||
Anshan | Iran | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Bad-tibira | Iraq | 16,000[36] | ||||
Eridu | Iraq | 6,000–10,000[36] | ||||
Habuba Kabira | Syria | 6,000–8,000[36] | ||||
Harappa | Pakistan (Ancient India) | 35,000[37] | ||||
Kish | Iraq | 40,000[36] | ||||
Lagash | Iraq | 40,000[38] | ||||
Larak/Larsa | Iraq | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Manika, Greece[39][40][41][42][43][44][45] | Greece | 6,000–15,000 | 6,000–15,000 | |||
Memphis | Egypt | 30,000 | ||||
Mohenjo-daro | Pakistan (Ancient India) | 41,250[37] | ||||
Nekhen | Egypt | 5,000–10,000[36] | ||||
Nippur | Iraq | 13,000[36] | ||||
Shahr-i Sokhta | Iran | 20,000[2] | ||||
Shuruppak | Iraq | 20,000[36] | ||||
Suheri | 13,000[36] | 10,000[36] | ||||
Susa | Iran | 8,000[3] | ||||
Tell Brak | Syria | 8,000[3] | 22,000[36] | 20,000[36] | ||
Thebes, Greece | Greece | 4,000–6,000[45] | ||||
Umma | Iraq | 26,000[36] | ||||
Ur | Iraq | 6,000[36] | ||||
Uruk | Iraq | 8,000[3] 14,000[36] | 20,000[36] | 40,000[38]–50,000[36] | 80,000[36] | 80,000[38] |
City | Location | 2500 BC | 2300 BC | 2000 BC | 1800 BC | 1600 BC | 1360 BC | 1200 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Athens[46][47] | Greece | 10,000 | 10,000–15,000 | |||||
Akrotiri (prehistoric city)[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] | Greece | 8,000–30,000 | ||||||
Adab | Iraq | 13,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Akkad | Iraq | 36,000[36] | ||||||
Amarna | Egypt | |||||||
Anshan | Iran | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||
Avaris/Pi-Ramses | Egypt | 100,000[38] | 160,000[38] | |||||
Babylon | Iraq | 65,000[3] | 80,000[3] | |||||
Dur-Kurigalzu | Iraq | |||||||
Ebla | Syria | 30,000[36] | ||||||
Erlitou | China | 24,000[3]–35,000[36] | ||||||
Harappa | Pakistan | 10,000[36] | ||||||
Hattusa | Turkey | 40,000[56] | 40,000[56] | |||||
Hazor | Israel | |||||||
Heliopolis | Egypt | |||||||
Heracleopolis | Egypt | |||||||
Isin | Iraq | 40,000[36] | 20,000[36] | |||||
Kerma | Sudan | |||||||
Kesh | Iraq | 11,000[36] | ||||||
Kish | Iraq | 25,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 40,000[38] | ||||
Knossos[48][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] | Greece | 1,300–2,000 | 18,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | |||
Lagash | Iraq | 40,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 30,000[36][38] | 10,000[36] | |||
Larak/Larsa | Iraq | 10,000[36] | 40,000[36] | 20,000[36] | ||||
Manika, Greece[45] | Greece | 6,000–15,000 | 6,000–15,000 | |||||
Malia | Greece | 5,000–10,000–12,500[48][65] | ||||||
Mari | Syria | |||||||
Memphis | Egypt | 30,000[36]–35,000[3] | 60,000[3][36][38] | 30,000[36] | 22,000[67] | 32,000[67] | 50,000[67] | |
Mohenjo-daro | Pakistan | 20,000[36] | 20,000[36] | 10,000[36] | ||||
Mozah | 15,000[36] | 15,000[36] | ||||||
Mycenae | Greece | 20,000[68] | 30,000–35,000[62][69] | 30,000[56] | ||||
Namazga-Tepe | Turkmenistan | 14,000[36] | 14,000[36] | |||||
Nekhen | Egypt | 21,000[56] | ||||||
Niniveh | Iraq | 23,000[56] | 33,000[56] | |||||
Nippur | Iraq | 20,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | ||||
Palaikastro | Greece | 18,000[48][65] | ||||||
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán | Mexico | 7,500[70] | ||||||
Shahr-i Sokhta | Iran | 20,000[36] | 20,000[36] | |||||
Shuruppak | Iraq | 17,000[36] | ||||||
Suheri | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | |||||
Susa | Iran | 25,000[36] | 25,000[36] | |||||
Taosi | China | 10,000[3] | 14,000[3] | |||||
Tell Brak | Syria | 15,000[36] | 15,000[36] | |||||
Tell Churra | 20,000[36] | |||||||
Tell Leilan | Syria | 20,000[36] | 20,000[36] | |||||
Thebes | Egypt | 40,000[36] | 40,000[36] | 80,000[3] | 80,000[3] | |||
Thebes, Greece[45][71][72] | Greece | 4,000–6,000 | 8,000 | |||||
Tiryns[45][73][46][47] | Greece | 1,200–1,800 | 10,000 | 10,000–15,000 | ||||
Umma | Iraq | 34,000[36] | 20,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 20,000[36] | |||
Ur | Iraq | 60,000[3] 65,000[56] | ||||||
Uruk | Iraq | 50,000[3][36] | 75,000[3] | |||||
Yin (Anyang) | China | 50,000[3]–120,000[38] | ||||||
Zabala | Iraq | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | 10,000[36] | ||||
Zhengzhou | China | 35,000[3] |
Iron Age
City | Location | 1000 BC | 900 BC | 800 BC | 700 BC | 650 BC | 600 BC | 500 BC | 430 BC | 400 BC |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aegina | Greece | 20,000–40,000[74] | 20,000–40,000 | |||||||
Anuradhapura | Sri Lanka | 48,000[56][67] | ||||||||
Anyi | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Athens[64][75][76][77][78] | Greece | 2,500–5,000[75] | 2,500–5,000[75] | 2,500–5,000[75] | 10,000[75] | 20,000[75] | 40,000[75] | 25,000[75] | ||
Agrigento | Italy | 40,000 | 40,000 | |||||||
Argos | Greece | 30,000–60,000[64][76][79][80][81][82] | 30,000–60,000 | |||||||
Ayodhya | India | |||||||||
Babylon | Iraq | 45,000[67]–100,000[b] | 47,000[67] | 60,000[67] | 125,000[3] | 150,000[3] | 200,000[56] | 150,000[3] | ||
Benares | India | |||||||||
Capua | Italy | 100,000[83][84] | 100,000 | |||||||
Cerveteri | Italy | 25,000–40,000[85][86][87][88][89] | ||||||||
Chicheng | China | |||||||||
Cuicuilco | Mexico | |||||||||
Corinth | Greece | 5,000[75] | 20,000[75] | |||||||
Crotone | Italy | 50,000–80,000[90] | ||||||||
Ecbatana | Iran | |||||||||
Haojing | China | 100,000[b] | 125,000[38] | 125,000[38] | 33,000[56][67] | |||||
Hastinapur | India | |||||||||
Jerusalem | Israel/Palestine | 40,000[56][67] | 49,942 (445 BC)[56] | |||||||
Kamarina | Italy | 20,000 | ||||||||
Kerch | Crimea Ukraine | 40,000[56][67] | ||||||||
Kingchow | China | |||||||||
Kalḫu (Nimrud) | Iraq | 75,000[3] | ||||||||
Kosambi | India | 55,000[67] | ||||||||
Linzi | China | 55,000–100,000[3][38] | 80,000–100,000[67][38] | 65,000–100,000[3][38] | 80,000–100,000[3][38] | 60,000–200,000[67][38] | 100,000–200,000[3][38] | |||
Luoyang | China | 35,000[3][67]–100,000[c][d] | 40,000[3] | 45,000[3]–50,000[67] | 55,000[3]–100,000[38] | 70,000[67]–100,000[38] | 65,000[3]–100,000[38] | 200,000[38] | 200,000[38] | 100,000[3]–240,000[38] |
Marib | Yemen | 45,000[67] | ||||||||
Memphis | Egypt | 35,000–100,000[b][67] | 44,000[67] | 65,000[67] | 100,000[67] | |||||
Metapontum | Italy | 40,000 | ||||||||
Miletus | Turkey | |||||||||
Niniveh | Iraq | 39,000[56] | 100,000[3] | 120,000[56] | ||||||
Pataliputra / Patna | India | 400,000[3] | ||||||||
Populonia | Italy | 25,000–40,000[87][88][91][92] | ||||||||
Pyongyang | North Korea | |||||||||
Tarquinia | Italy | 20,000–40,000[87][88][91][92] | ||||||||
Thebes, Greece | Greece | 30,000–60,000[45][71][93][94][95] | 30,000–60,000 | |||||||
Qufu | China | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | |||||||
Rome | Italy | 4,440[96] | 24,400–40,000[96][97] | 27,200 | 28,960[97] | |||||
Sais | Egypt | |||||||||
San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán | Mexico | 13,000[98] | 13,000[98] | |||||||
Shangqiu | China | 100,000[38] | 130,000[38] | |||||||
Sravasti | India | 46,000[56] | ||||||||
Sparta | Greece | 40,000–50,000[99] | ||||||||
Susa | Iran | 40,000[56][67] | 200,000[56][67] | |||||||
Suzhou | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Syracuse | Italy | 24,000–40,000[100][101][102] | 24,000–40,000[76] | 24,000–125,000[67][76] | ||||||
Sybaris | Italy | 100,000[103] | ||||||||
Taranto | Italy | 110,000–150,000[104] | ||||||||
Thebes | Egypt | 50,000[3]–120,000[b] | 50,000[3] | |||||||
Vaisali | India | |||||||||
Veii | Italy | 25,000–100,000[87][88][91][92] | ||||||||
Volsinii | Italy | 13,000–40,000[87][88][91][92] | ||||||||
Vulci | Italy | 15,000–40,000[87][88][92] | ||||||||
Xiadu | China | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | 320,000[38] | 300,000[38] | |||||
Xintian | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Xinzheng | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Xue | ||||||||||
Yong | China | 100,000[38] |
City | Location | 300 BC | 200 BC | 100 BC | AD 1 | AD 100 | AD 200 | AD 300 | AD 361 | AD 400 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alexandria | Egypt | 150,000[3] | 300,000[3][56]–600,000[38] | 400,000[3] | 250,000[67]–500,000[105] | 500,000[105] | 125,000[67]–200,000[56] | |||
Augsburg | Germany | 25,000–50,000 | 25,000–50,000[106] | |||||||
Antioch | Turkey | 120,000[56] | 400,000[75] | 150,000[67]–250,000[107] | 250,000[107] | 150,000[67] | ||||
Anuradhapura | Sri Lanka | 68,000[56][67] | 130,000[56] | 72,000[67] | ||||||
Anyi | 100,000[38] | |||||||||
Athens | Greece | 25,000[75] | 10,000[75] | 10,000[75] | 90,000[108] | 90,000[108] | ||||
Autun | France | 40,000–100,000[109][110] | 40,000–100,000 | |||||||
Arles | France | 10,000[111] | 10,000[111] | 75,000[112] | ||||||
Ayodhya | India | 63,000[67] | ||||||||
Aquileia | Italy | 12,000[113] | 12,000[113] | |||||||
Carnuntum | Austria | 12,000[107]–50,000[114][115] | 12,000[107]–50,000[114][115] | |||||||
Capua | Italy | 100,000 | 100,000[83][84] | 25,000–40,000 | ||||||
Carthage | Tunisia | 150,000–200,000[56] | 100,000[56]–300,000[116] | 300,000[116] | ||||||
Chang'an/Xi'an | China | 100,000–400,000[38][3][56] | 375,000–400,000[3][38] | 246,000–500,000[117][38][3] | 81,000–100,000[56][67][38] | 120,000[3] | 140,000[3] | 80,000[67] | 100,000[38] | |
Chengdu | China | 100,000[38] | 70,000[67] | |||||||
Cổ Loa | Vietnam | 40,000[38] | 50,000[38] | |||||||
Byzantium / Constantinople | Turkey | 15,000 | 20,000 | 150,000 | 200,000 | |||||
Corinth | Greece | 40,000–100,000[75][107][118] | ||||||||
Cologne | Germany | 20,000–40,000[119][120] | 20,000–40,000[119][121][122] | |||||||
Ctesiphon | Iraq | 250,000[67] | ||||||||
Cuicuilco | Mexico | 36,000[67] | ||||||||
Datong | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
El Mirador | Guatemala | 200,000[123] | ||||||||
Ephesus | Turkey | 33,600[107] | ||||||||
Izapa | Mexico | 35,000[67] | ||||||||
Kaushambi | India | 90,000-180,000[124] | ||||||||
Kaveri | 59,000[67] | |||||||||
Linzi | China | 125,000–350,000[3][38] | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | ||||
London | UK | 30,000 | 45,000–60,000[125] | |||||||
Lugdunum | France | 25,000–50,000[111][126] | 25,000–50,000[111][126] | |||||||
Luoyang | China | 125,000[3]–240,000[38] | 60,000[67] | 200,000[38] | 420,000[38][67] | 140,000[3]–250,000[38] | 200,000[38] | |||
Mathura | India | |||||||||
Milan | Italy | 30,000–40,000[56] | 100,000 | 25,000–100,000[127][128][129] | ||||||
Monte Albán | Mexico | 5,200[130] | 17,200[130] | 17,200[130] | 17,200[130] | 17,200[130] | ||||
Nanjing | China | 56,000[67] | 78,000[67] | 100,000[38] | 150,000[67] | 300,000[38] | ||||
Nimes | France | 40,000–60,000[131][132][133] | ||||||||
Ostia Antica | Italy | 25,000[106]–40,000[113] | 25,000–50,000[106][113][134] | |||||||
Paithan | India | 60,000[67] | 84,000[67] | |||||||
Patala | Pakistan | 73,000[67] | ||||||||
Pataliputra | India | 350,000[56]–400,000 - 1,000,000[124] | 69,000[56][67] | 250,000[56] | ||||||
Peshawar | Pakistan | 120,000[56] | ||||||||
Philippi | Greece | 100,000[135] | ||||||||
Pingcheng | China | 88,000[67] | 200,000[3] | |||||||
Pozzuoli | Italy | 30,000–50,000 | 30,000[116]–50,000[106] | |||||||
Pyay | Myanmar | 69,000[67] | ||||||||
Qufu | China | 100,000[38]–125,000[3] | ||||||||
Rajgir | India | 100,000[124] | ||||||||
Rhodes[136][137][138] | Greece | 100,000–200,000 | 100,000 | |||||||
Rome | Italy | 100,000[97] | 150,000–160,000[67][56] | 400,000[3] | 1,000,000[38][3] | 1,000,000[3][38] | 1,000,000[3] | 800,000[3] | 800,000[3] | 800,000[3] |
Salona | Croatia | 25,000[119] | 25,000[119] | |||||||
Seleucia | Iraq | 200,000[67] | 400,000[75] | 250,000 (CE 2)[56] | 150,000[56]–250,000[67] | |||||
Shangqiu | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Srughna | India | 100,000[124] | ||||||||
Suzhou | China | 100,000[38] | 66,000[67] | 95,000[67] | 58,000[67] | |||||
Syracuse | Italy | 50,000–100,000[76] | 90,000[139] | 90,000[139] | ||||||
Taxila | Pakistan | 60,000[67] | ||||||||
Teotihuacán | Mexico | 60,000–80,000[140] | 90,000[67] | |||||||
Thessaloniki | Greece | 30,000[108] | 30,000[108] | |||||||
Tikal | Guatemala | 100,000[141] | ||||||||
Tosali | India | 16,000-47,000[124] | ||||||||
Tres Zapotes | Mexico | 30,000[67] | ||||||||
Trier | Germany | 10,000[119] | 10,000[119]–50,000 | 50,000–100,000[106][112] | 60,000 | |||||
Ujjain | India | 60,000[124] | 94,000[67] | 80,000[67] | ||||||
Vaishali | India | 28,000-82,000[124] | ||||||||
Vidisha | India | ~100,000[124] | ||||||||
Wanxian | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||||
Xiadu | China | 300,000[38] | ||||||||
Xianyang | China | 100,000[38] | 100,000–300,000[56] | |||||||
Xinzheng | China | 120,000[38]–125,000[3] | ||||||||
Xuchang | China | 140,000[3] | ||||||||
Ye | China | 140,000[3] | 120,000[67] | 100,000[38] |
Middle Ages
City | Location | 500 | 600 | 622 | 700 | 775 | 800 | 900 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aleppo | Syria | 72,000[67] | ||||||
Athens | Greece | 110,000[142] | ||||||
Alexandria | Egypt | 94,000[67]–200,000[56] | 216,000[56] | 60,000–100,000 | 60,000–100,000 | |||
Angkor | Cambodia | 80,000[143] | 100,000[143] | 90,000[67]–150,000[143] | ||||
Anhilpur | India | 80,000[67] | ||||||
Antioch | Turkey | 150,000[67] | ||||||
Anuradhapura | Sri Lanka | 70,000[67] | ||||||
Arles | France | 10,000[144] | ||||||
Ayodhya | India | 75,000[67] | ||||||
Badami | India | 70,000[67] | ||||||
Baghdad | Iraq | 175,000[3][67] | 150,000[3] | |||||
Bakhalal | Mexico | 45,000[67] | ||||||
Basra | Iraq | 100,000[67] | ||||||
Benares | India | 75,000-210,000[145] | 49,000[67] | 59,000[67] | ||||
Carthage | Tunisia | 100,000[56][67] | ||||||
Chang'an / Xi'an | China | 95,000[67][38]–400,000[56] | 400,000[38]–600,000[3] | 400,000[67] | 1,000,000[38] | 1,000,000[38][56][e] | 600,000[67]–1,000,000[38][3] | 100,000[38]–750,000[67][3] |
Chengdu | China | 94,000[67] | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | ||||
Chenla | Cambodia | 70,000[67] | ||||||
Chunar | India | 72,000[67] | ||||||
Constantinople | Turkey | 400,000[3]–500,000[56][146] | 150,000[3] | 150,000[67] | 125,000[3] | 40,000–50,000[3] | 40,000–50,000[3] | 150,000[3] |
Copán | Honduras | 63,000[67] | ||||||
Cologne | Germany | 15,000–20,000[147] | 21,000[147] | |||||
Córdoba | Spain | 135,000[68] | 160,000[67] | 110,000[148]–175,000[3] | ||||
Ctesiphon | Iraq | 400,000[67] | 200,000[149]–500,000[67] | |||||
Dali | China | 90,000[67]–100,000[38] | ||||||
Đại La /Hanoi | Vietnam | 25,000[150] | ||||||
Datong | China | 200,000[38] | ||||||
Dorestad | Netherlands | 1,000–2,500 | 1,000–2,500 | |||||
El Pilar | Guatemala | 182,600[151] | ||||||
El Tajín | Mexico | 40,000[67] | 40,000[67] | 50,000[67] | ||||
Fanyang (Youzhou) | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||
Florence | Italy | 1,000 | 2,000–2,500 | 5,000 | ||||
Fustat | Egypt | 100,000[67] | 150,000[67] | |||||
Gao | Mali | 72,000[67] | ||||||
Granada | Spain | 20,000 | ||||||
Guangzhou | China | 200,000[38] | 200,000[38] | |||||
Gwalior | India | 65,000[67] | ||||||
Huari/Wari | Peru | 70,000[152] | ||||||
Jiankang | China | 500,000[38] | ||||||
Jinyang (Taiyuan) | China | 100,000[38] | 100,000[38] | |||||
Kannauj | India | 230,000 | 250,000 | 250,000 | 230,000[67] | 200,000[67] | ||
Kanchi | India | 56,000[67] | 70,000[67] | 51,000[67] | ||||
Kyoto | Japan | 200,000[153] | 100,000–200,000[67][38] | 200,000[38][56] | ||||
Laon | France | 28,000[154] | ||||||
Lhasa | China | 100,000[38][67] | ||||||
London | UK | 10,000–12,000 | ||||||
Luoyang | China | 200,000[67]–500,000[38] | 500,000[38] | 200,000[67] | 500,000[38] | 300,000[67]–400,000[38] | 150,000[67]–200,000[38] | |
Lyon | France | 12,000[155] | ||||||
Madurai | India | 70,000[67] | 70,000[67] | |||||
Mainz | Germany | 20,000[147] | 30,000[147] | |||||
Mandsaur | India | 63,000[67] | ||||||
Manyakheta | India | 100,000[67]–200,000[156] | ||||||
Metz | France | 25,000[157] | 14,000[157] | |||||
Milan | Italy | 30,000 | 25,000[158] | 30,000 (875)[159] | ||||
Naples | Italy | 30,000[159] | 30,000[159] | 30,000[159] | ||||
Nanjing | China | 150,000[67]–500,000[38] | ||||||
Nara | Japan | 100,000[38] | ||||||
Orléans | France | 10,000[144] | ||||||
Padua | Italy | 15,000[144] | ||||||
Paris | France | 10,000–30,000[56] | 20,000 | |||||
Patna / Pataliputra | India | 500,000 | 300,000 | 100,000 | 74,000[67] | |||
Pavia | Italy | 15,000–20,000[56] | ||||||
Poitiers | France | 5,000–9,000[56] | 5,000–9,000[56] | 5,000–9,000[56] | 10,000[56] | 10,000[56] | ||
Preslav | Bulgaria | 40,000–60,000[68] | ||||||
Prambanan | Indonesia | 60,000[67] | 62,000[67] | |||||
Provins | France | 10,000 | ||||||
Pyay | Myanmar | 73,000[67] | 100,000[67] | |||||
Pliska | Bulgaria | 34,000[160] | ||||||
Ray | Iran | 68,000[67] | ||||||
Regensburg | Germany | 25,000[147] | 25,000 | |||||
Reims | France | 20,000[56] | ||||||
Rennes | France | 10,000 | ||||||
Rome | Italy | 100,000 | 50,000[161]–90,000[162] | 50,000[161] | 50,000[161] | 50,000[161] | 50,000[163][56] | 20,000–30,000[161] |
Rouen | France | 10,000 | ||||||
Seville | Spain | 20,000 | 40,000 | 35,000 | 35,000 | 40,000–52,000[68] | ||
Sialkot | Pakistan | 85,000[67] | ||||||
Speyer | Germany | 20,000 | ||||||
Suzhou | China | 70,000[67] | 120,000[38] | 100,000[38] | 84,000[67]–100,000[38] | 81,000[67]–100,000[38] | ||
Teotihuacán | Mexico | 125,000[67][140] | 60,000[67] | |||||
Thessaloniki | Greece | 100,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 50,000 | 50,000[68] | ||
Tikal | Guatemala | 45,000[67] | 40,000[67] | |||||
Toledo | Spain | 25,000 | 28,000 | |||||
Toulouse | France | 10,000[56] | ||||||
Tours | France | 17,000[56] | 20,000[56] | |||||
Tula | Mexico | 41,000[67] | 50,000[67] | |||||
Trier | Germany | 10,000[56] | 15,000[56] | 15,000–25,000[147] | ||||
Venice | Italy | 37,000[56] | ||||||
Verona | Italy | 30,000[56] | 25,000 | |||||
Worms | Germany | 10,000 | ||||||
Wuchang | China | 100,000[38] | 84,000[67] | |||||
Ye | China | 200,000[38] |
City | Location | 1000 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | 1250 | 1300 | 1350 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angkor | Cambodia | 200,000[67] 400,000[143] | 125,000[67] 550,000[143] | 140,000[67] 600,000[143] | 150,000[67] 650,000[143] | 650,000[143] | ||
Amalfi | Italy | 35,000[164]–80,000[68] | 10,000–15,000[56] | |||||
Ani | Turkey | 100,000[165]–200,000[166] | ||||||
Anhilpur | India | 100,000[67] | 100,000[67] | 135,000[67] | ||||
Antioch | Turkey | 40,000 | 40,000 | |||||
L'Aquila | Italy | 40,000 | ||||||
Bagan | Myanmar | 100,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 180,000[67] | 180,000[67] | |||
Baghdad | Iraq | 125,000[56] | 150,000[67] | 250,000[3] | 150,000[56] | |||
Beijing | China | 130,000[67] | 140,000[67] | 401,000[67] | 400,000[67] | |||
Berlin | Germany | 2,400 | 1,200–2,000 | 4,000–7,000 | ||||
Bologna | Italy | 50,000 | 50,000 | 23,000 | ||||
Braunschweig | Germany | 10,000[147] | 21,000[56] | |||||
Bruges | Belgium | 12,000[147] | 15,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 36,000[56] | 50,000[56] | ||
Cahokia | Illinois, USA | 10,200–15,300[167] | 25,000[168] | 20,000–30,000[169] | ||||
Cairo | Egypt | 135,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 175,000[67] | 200,000[67]–250,000[3] | 300,000[67] | 400,000[3][67] | 350,000[67] |
Chang'an / Xi'an | China | 118,000[67] | 114,000[67] | |||||
Chartres | France | 7,000 | ||||||
Chunar | India | 66,000[67] | ||||||
Cologne | Germany | 21,000[170] | 25,000–35,000[56] | 32,000–60,000[171] | 52,000–60,000[170] | 40,000–60,000[121][122][171] | 57,000 (1333)[170] | |
Constantinople | Turkey | 150,000[3] | 200,000[67]–250,000[3] | 200,000[67] | 150,000[67]–250,000[3] | 100,000[172] | 150,000[172] | 80,000[172] |
Córdoba | Spain | 110,000[148][3] | 60,000 (1103)[173] | 60,000[173] | 60,000[173] | 40,000[173] | ||
Cuttack | India | 100,000[67] | 90,000[67] | 90,000[67] | ||||
Dali | China | 90,000[67] 100,000[38] | 100,000[67] | |||||
Delhi | India | 10,000[174] | 60,000[174] | 80,000[67] | 100,000[67][174] | 125,000[174] | ||
Dhar | India | 80,000[67] | ||||||
Dwarasamudra | India | 30,000 | 120,000 | 150,000 | ||||
Edessa | Turkey | 25,000 | ||||||
Erfurt | Germany | 10,000[147] | 21,000[56] | 32,000[56] | ||||
Fanyang (Youzhou) | China | 100,000[38] | ||||||
Fes | Morocco | 75,000[56] | 125,000[67] | 160,000[67] | 200,000[67]–250,000[56] | 200,000[67] | 150,000[67]–200,000[56] | 125,000[67] |
Florence | Italy | 13,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | 50,000–110,000[175] | 60,000–120,000[56][176] | 40,000 | |
Gangaikonda Cholapuram | India | 200,000 | 300,000 | 300,000 | 250,000 | 150,000 | ||
Gaur | India | 60,000[67] | 90,000[67] | 100,000[67] | ||||
Genoa | Italy | 15,000[56]–80,000[175] | 30,000[56] | 100,000[177] | 100,000[56] | |||
Ghent | Belgium | 8,000[147] | 12,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 65,000[178] | 42,000[56]–65,000 | 57,000[56] | |
Guangzhou | China | 140,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 150,000[67] | ||||
Hangzhou | China | 80,000[67] | 90,000[67] | 145,000[67]–800,000[3] | 255,000[67]–1,000,000[3] | 320,000[67]–1,000,000[38] | 432,000[67]–800,000[3] | 432,000[67] |
Ile-Ife | Nigeria | 75,000–105,000[179] | ||||||
Jinzhou | China | 85,000[67] | ||||||
Kaifeng | China | 400,000[38][56]–1,000,000[3] | 442,000[67]–1,000,000[3] | 150,000[67] | 1,000,000[38] | |||
Kalburgi | India | 70,000[67] | ||||||
Kalyan | India | 150,000[67] | 125,000[67] | |||||
Kannauj | India | 72,000[67] | 80,000[67] | 92,000[67] | ||||
Khajuraho (Kalinjar) | India | 100,000[56] | 50,000[67] | |||||
Khambhat | India | 50,000[67] | 60,000[67] | |||||
Kyiv | Ukraine | 45,000[56] | 48,000[56]–100,000[164] | 36,000–50,000[56] | ||||
Kollam | India | 60,000[67] | ||||||
Kyoto | Japan | 175,000[38]–300,000[56] | ||||||
Laon | France | 25,000[154] | ||||||
London[180] | UK | 20,000–25,000 | 10,000–20,000 | 20,000–30,000 | 80,000–100,000[181] | 25,000–50,000 | ||
Lübeck | Germany | 6,000 | 18,800 | |||||
Madurai | India | 60,000[67] | ||||||
Mainz | Germany | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 24,000[56] | |
Manyakheta | India | 71,000[67] | ||||||
Marrakech | Morocco | 150,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 125,000[67] | |||
Marseille | France | 6,000–7,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 40,000[56] | ||||
Merv | Turkmenistan | 200,000[67] | 70,000[56] | |||||
Metz | France | 16,000 | 21,000[56] | 23,000–27,000[56] | 32,000[56] | |||
Milan | Italy | 15,000[161] | 45,000 | 58,000 (1170)[56] | 60,000[56]–100,000[161] | 150,000 | 150,000–200,000[181][161][182][183] | 50,000–200,000[175][182][183][128] |
Montpellier | France | 40,000–50,000[181] | ||||||
Nabadwip | India | 85,000[67] | ||||||
Nanjing | China | 130,000[67] | 130,000[67] | 130,000[67] | 95,000[67] | |||
Naples | Italy | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000–36,000 (1278)[56] | 40,000[56]–100,000 | 60,000 (1340)[56] |
Nishapur | Iran | 125,000[67] | ||||||
Norwich | UK | 20,000–25,000 | ||||||
Padua | Italy | 15,000[181] | 35,000[181] | |||||
Palermo | Italy | 60,000[148]–75,000 | 150,000 | 150,000[67] | 50,000 (1277)[56] | 40,000[56]–100,000[181] | ||
Paris | France | 20,000[184] | 50,000–65,000[185][186][187][188] | 110,000[184] | 160,000[67] | 200,000–270,000 (1328)[189] | 215,000[67] | |
Polonnaruwa | Sri Lanka | 75,000[67] | ||||||
Prague | Czech Republic | 10,000[147] | 22,000[56] | 40,000[56] | 50,000[56] | |||
Puri | India | 78,000[67] | 72,000[67] | |||||
Ramavati | 75,000[67] | |||||||
Regensburg | Germany | 40,000[147][164] | 30,000 | |||||
Rome | Italy | 35,000[56][164] | 30,000–40,000[161] | 30,000–40,000[161] | 40,000[161] | 40,000–50,000[161] | 15,000[190]–17,000[56] | |
Rouen | France | 20,000[56] | 20,000[56] | 30,000–40,000[56] | 50,000[56] | 40,000–50,000[56][181] | ||
Salerno | Italy | 50,000[191] | 50,000[56] | 50,000 | 10,000 (1320)[56] | |||
Sarai | Russia | 120,000[67] | ||||||
Seville | Spain | 52,000 | 40,000–50,000[181] | |||||
Shangjing | China | 140,000[38] | ||||||
Speyer | Germany | 25,000 | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 25,000[56] | |
Suzhou | China | 100,000[38] | 96,000[67] | |||||
Tabriz | Iran | 125,000[67] | 100,000[67] | |||||
Thanjavur | India | 200,000[67] | 250,000 | 200,000 | ||||
Thăng Long/Hanoi | Vietnam | 30,000[150] | 40,000[150] | |||||
Thessaloniki | Greece | 40,000[56] | 40,000[56] | 40,000[56] | 30,000[56] | 50,000[56]–100,000[192] | 50,000–150,000[164][193] | |
Toledo | Spain | 37,000 | 35,000 | 42,000 | ||||
Toulouse | France | 35,000 | ||||||
Trier | Germany | 20,000[147] | 20,000[56] | 20,000[56] | 25,000[56] | |||
Venice | Italy | 45,000–60,000[127][194][195][196] | 58,000 | 64,000–70,000[56] | 70,000–80,000[182][56] | 45,000[177] | 100,000–120,000[67][182] | 65,228 (1363) |
Veliky Novgorod | Russia | 10,000–18,000 | 20,000–40,000 | 50,000[197][198] | ||||
Verona | Italy | 10,000 | 20,000–25,000 | 20,000–25,000 | 35,000–40,000 | |||
Vijayanagar | India | 200,000 | ||||||
Warangal | India | 63,000[67] | 80,000[67] | |||||
Worms | Germany | 20,000[147] | 28,000[56] | 25,000[56] | 20,000[56] | |||
York | UK | 8,000[181] | 23,000[181] | |||||
Ypres | Belgium | 40,000–200,000[199] | 30,000[56] |
City | 1400 | 1450 | 1500 | 1550 | 1575 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aachen | 15,000[200] | ||||
Adrianople / Edirne | 28,000[56] | 85,000[56] | 125,000[56] | 160,000[56] | 183,000[56] |
Agra | 250,000 | 500,000 | |||
Ahmedabad | 70,000[56] | 80,000[56]–100,000[67] | 140,000[67]–175,000[56] | 300,000 | |
Ahmednagar | 70,000[67] | ||||
Alessandria | 8,000[201] | ||||
Antwerp | 18,000 (1374) | 20,000 (1444) | 40,000[200] | 90,000[200] | 104,984 (1568)[56][67] |
Asti | 8,000[201] | ||||
Augsburg | 14,000 (1408)[202] | 17,000 (1471)[202] | 20,000[200] | 45,000[200] | |
Ayutthaya | 150,000[203] | 150,000[203] | 10,000 (1569)[203] | ||
Bago | 150,000[67] | 175,000[67] | |||
Beijing | 150,000[67] | 600,000[67] | 672,000[67] | 690,000[67] | 706,000[67] |
Bologna | 40,000[204] | 55,000[201] | 61,731 (1569)[204][201] | 72,395 (1588)[204] | |
Brescia | 27,000[204] | 30,000 (1440)[204] | 49,000[201] | 41,000[201] | |
Bursa | 95,000[56] | 130,000[67] | |||
Bruges | 37,000[182] | 25,000 | 30,000[200] | 35,000[200] | 29,000 (1584)[205] |
Cairo | 125,000–360,000[3][67] | 380,000[67] | 400,000[3][56] | 360,000[67] | 275,000[67] |
Chan Chan | 60,000–100,000[206] | 5,000–10,000[207] | |||
Chang'an / Xi'an | 150,000[56] | 150,000[56] | 127,000[67] | 150,000[56] | |
Cologne | 40,000[56] | 30,000[200] | 35,000[200] | 37,000[56] | |
Como | 10,000[201] | 10,000[201] | |||
Constantinople / Istanbul | 75,000[56] | 40,000–50,000[193] | 200,000[56] | 660,000[67] | 680,000[67] |
Crema | 11,000[201] | ||||
Cremona | 35,000[208] | 40,000[201] | 34,000[201] | ||
Cuneo | 6,000[201] | ||||
Cuttack | 75,000[67] | 100,000[67] | 140,000[67] | 90,000[67] | |
Cusco | 45,000[209] | ||||
Delhi | 80,000[67]–100,000[174] | 160,000[174] | 160,000[174] | ||
Fes | 125,000[67] | 150,000[56] | 130,000[67] | ||
Florence | 45,000–61,000[56][175][210] | 54,000 (1470)[56] | 55,000–70,000[191][175][211] | 59,216 (1562)[56] | |
Fossano | 9,000[201] | ||||
Gao | 60,000[67] | ||||
Gaur | 150,000[67] | 200,000[67] | |||
Ghent | 70,000[56] | 40,000[200] | 50,000[200] | ||
Genoa | 80,000–100,000[175][176] | 120,000 (1460)[56] | 60,000[201] | 65,000[201] | |
Granada | 100,000[56] | 165,000[67] | 70,000[191][56] | ||
Guangzhou | 150,000[67] | 175,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 160,000[67] | 170,000[67] |
Gwalior | 80,000[67] | ||||
Hangzhou | 235,000[67] | 250,000[67] | 250,000[56] | 260,000[67] | 260,000[67] |
Hanoi | 50,000[150] | ||||
Jaunpur | 100,000[67] | ||||
Kalburgi | 90,000[67] | ||||
Kano | 50,000[67] | ||||
Khambhat | 60,000[67] | ||||
Kollam | 60,000[67] | ||||
Lodi | 9,000[201] | ||||
London[180] | 45,000[56] | 75,000[56] | 40,000[212] | 80,000[212] | |
Lyon | 20,000–35,000[56] | 60,000[56] | 50,000[213] | 70,000[213] | |
Lübeck | 17,200 | 21,568 | 25,444 | 22,452 | |
Magdeburg | 20,000[56] | 24,000[56] | 18,000[214] | 40,000[56] | |
Mandu | 70,000[67] | ||||
Mantua | 28,000[201] | 38,000[201] | |||
Milan | 125,000[177][182] | 110,000[56] | 100,000[201] | 69,000[201] | 115,000 (1574) |
Modena | 18,000[201] | 16,000[201] | |||
Nanjing | 487,000[67] | 150,000[67] | 157,000[67] | 182,000[67] | 188,000[67] |
Naples | 40,000–100,000[56][176] | 60,000 (1435)[56] | 125,000[215]–150,000[216] | 212,000[216] | 215,000[67] |
Novara | 7,000[201] | ||||
Nuremberg | 18,000[56] | 25,982 (1449)[56] | 36,000[214] | 40,000[214] | |
Oyo-Ile | 150,000 | 60,000[67] | |||
Padua | 27,000[201] | 32,000[201] | |||
Paris | 100,000 (1422)[217] | 150,000[67] | 100,000[213] | 130,000[213] | 220,000[67] |
Parma | 19,000[201] | 25,000[201] | |||
Pavia | 16,000[201] | 13,000[201] | |||
Piacenza | 27,000[201] | ||||
Prague | 40,000 | 30,000 | |||
Rome | 33,000[218] | 33,500 (1458)[218] | 38,000[218]–55,000[216] | 45,000[216] | 80,000 (1580) |
Rouen | 40,000[213] | 65,000[213] | |||
Samarkand | 130,000[67] | ||||
Seoul | 100,000[56] | 125,000[67] | 150,000[56] | 125,000[56] | |
Seville | 15,000 (1384)[219] | 60,000[219] | 65,000 | 109,000 (1565)[219] | |
Suzhou | 129,000[67] | ||||
Tabriz | 150,000[67] | 200,000[67] | 250,000[67] | ||
Tenochtitlan/Mexico City | 200,000-400,000[220][221][222] | 60,000[56] | |||
Texcoco | 60,000[67] | ||||
Venice | 85,000–200,000[175][176] | 150,000 (1423)[182] | 100,000[201] | 158,000[201] | 134,871 (1581) |
Verona | 14,800 | 38,000[201] | 52,000[201] | ||
Vijayanagar | 400,000[67] | 550,000[67] | 500,000[223] - 1,000,000[224] |
Early Modern era
City | 1600 | 1650 | 1700 | 1750 | 1800 | 1825 | 1850 | 1875 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aachen | 14,171 (1601) | 12,000[200] | 15,000[200] | 24,000[200] | 35,428 | 56,190 (1849)[202] | 79,606 | |
Adrianople/Edirne | 160,000[56] | 132,000[56] | 93,000[56] | 96,000[56] | 100,000[56] | 125,000[56] | 85,000[56] | |
Alexandria | 15,000 (1693) | 6,000 (1777) | 4,000 (1798) | 12,528 (1828) | 138,000 | 212,000[225] | ||
Antwerp | 47,000[200] | 70,000[200] | 70,000[200] | 46,000[200] | 60,000[200] | 88,000[226] | 127,000[226] | |
Agra | 500,000[56] | 660,000[56] | 60,000[56] | 108,000[56] | 149,008 (1872)[227] | |||
Ahmedabad | 300,000[56] | 380,000[56] | 400,000[67] | 120,000[56] | 89,000[56] | 87,000 (1824) | 94,390 (1846) | 116,873 (1872)[227] |
Amsterdam | 59,551[228] | 176,873[228] | 235,224 | 233,952[67] | 203,485 | 197,231 (1820) | 223,700[226] | 289,000[225] |
Augsburg | 48,000[200] | 21,000[200] | 21,000[200] | 31,000[202] | 28,000[200] | 35,000[202] | 57,210 | |
Ayutthaya | 100,000[203] | 125,000[229] | 150,000[203] | 150,000[203] | 30,000[203] | |||
Baltimore | 26,514 | 80,620 (1830) | 169,054 | 299,000[225] | ||||
Barcelona | 64,000 | 64,000 | 73,000 | 70,000 | 120,000 | 120,000 | 167,000 | 240,000[225] |
Beijing | 706,000[56] | 470,000[67] | 650,000[56] | 900,000[67] | 1,100,000[38][56] | 1,350,000[67] | 1,648,000[67] | 1,310,000[56] |
Berlin | 25,000[200] | 12,000[200] | 55,000[200] | 113,289[230] | 172,132[230] | 220,277 | 446,000 | 1,045,000[225] |
Birmingham | 2,000[212] | 4,000[212] | 7,000[212] | 23,688[231] | 73,670 (1801)[231] | 122,000 | 294,000 | 480,000[225] |
Bombay | 100,000 | 163,000 (1826) | 718,000[225] | |||||
Bordeaux | 40,000[232] | 40,000[232] | 50,000[232] | 67,000[232] | 88,000[232] | 142,000[233] | 225,000[225] | |
Boston | 6,700 | 20,000 | 35,248 | 61,392 (1830) | 202,261 | 450,000[225] | ||
Breslau (Wrocław) | 33,000–40,000[56][234] | 37,000[56] | 40,000[56] | 52,000[56] | 64,520[56] | 89,500 (1831) | 114,000[56] | 239,050[56] |
Bristol | 10,549[235] | 15,000-20,000[235] | 25,000[235] | 43,275[236] | 62,452[236] | 94,180[236] | 137,528[236] | 206,874 (1881)[236] |
Brussels | 55,000[56] | 70,000[56] | 70,000[56] | 55,000[56]–60,000[226] | 66,297[56][226] | 208,000[56]–251,000[226] | 327,000[225] | |
Bucharest | 60,000[237] | 50,000[237] | 25,000[237] | 34,000[237] | 104,000[237] | 177,646 (1878)[238] | ||
Budapest | 25,000[239] | 24,000[239] | 54,000[239] | 156,506[239] | 325,000[225] | |||
Cairo | 200,000[67] | 350,000[240] | 350,000[240] | 300,000[240] | 210,960 | 257,783 | 267,160 | 345,028 |
Calcutta | 200,000 | 230,000 (1822) | 680,000[225] | |||||
Chicago | 100 (1830) | 29,963 | 405,000[225] | |||||
Cologne | 40,000[200] | 45,000[200] | 42,000[200] | 43,000[200][226] | 42,000[200] | 59,049 | 94,781 (1849)[226] | 135,371 |
Copenhagen | 40,000[56] | 29,000 | 62,000[56] | 93,000[226] | 101,000[226] | 108,000[56] | 150,000 | 241,000[225] |
Danzig | 50,000[214] | 70,000[214] | 50,000[214] | 46,000[214] | 40,000[214] | 61,900 | 65,000[56] | 90,500 (1874) |
Delhi | 200,000[174] | 500,000[174] | 100,000[174] | 125,000[174] | 150,000[174] | 156,000[174] | 154,417 (1872)[241] | |
Dhaka | 200,000[56] | 200,000[56] | 200,000[56] | 135,000[56] | 110,000[56] | 66,989 (1830)[56] | 60,617[56] | 51,536 (1869)[56] |
Dresden | 14,793 (1603) | 16,000 (1648) | 21,298 (1699) | 63,209 (1755) | 61,794 | 61,886 (1830) | 94,092 (1849) | 197,295[225] |
Dublin | 5,000[242] | 17,000[242] | 60,000[242]–80,000[243] | 90,000[242]–128,570 (1753)[243] | 167,899 (1802)[242] | 194,000[244] | 263,000[245] | 310,000[225] |
Edinburgh | 35,000 | 55,000 | 82,000 | 145,000 | 194,000 | 274,000[225] | ||
Edo (Tokyo) | 60,000[67] | 430,000 | 688,000[67] | 509,000[56] | 685,000[67] | 530,000[56] | 567,000[56] | 780,000[225] |
Esfahān | 125,000[56] | 350,000[67] | 350,000[67] | 60,000[56] | 50,000[56] | 60,000[56] | 76,088 (1870) | |
Genoa | 71,000[201] | 90,000[201] | 80,000[201] | 87,000[201] | 91,000[201] | 83,569 (1822) | 100,696 | 130,269 (1872) |
Glasgow[246] | 7,000 | 14,000 | 14,000 | 23,500[226] | 77,000[226] | 170,000 | 346,000 | 635,000[225] |
Guangzhou | 180,000[67] | 200,000[67] | 200,000[67] | 400,000[67] | 800,000[67] | 900,000[67] | 875,000[67] | 944,000[56] |
Hangzhou | 270,000[67] | 281,000[67] | 303,000[67] | 340,000[67] | 387,000[67] | 410,000[67] | 700,000[56] | 50,000 (1864) |
Hanoi | 40,000[150] | 100,000[247] | 100,000[247] | 75,000[247] | 81,000[247] | 51,000[150] | 255,000[248] | |
Huế | 60,000[150] | 50,325[150] | ||||||
Ho Chi Minh City/Saigon | 24,000 | 50,000[150] | 50,000[150] | 180,661 (1902)[249] | ||||
Hyderabad | 80,000[250] | 90,000[229] | 200,000[250] | 225,000[250] | 200,000[250] | 200,000[250] | 200,000[250] | 350,000[250] |
Iași (Jassy) | 20,000[237] | 20,000[237] | 50,000[237] | 72,000 (1877)[251] | ||||
Constantinople/Istanbul | 400,000–700,000[3][67] | 700,000[67] | 600,000–700,000[3][67] | 625,000[67] | 570,000[67] | 675,000[67] | 785,000[67] | 827,750 (1874) |
Hamburg | 40,000[234] | 75,000 | 70,000[56] | 75,000–90,000[252][56] | 130,000[252] | 124,838 (1830) | 193,000[56] | 348,000[225] |
Kagoshima | 50,000 | 51,000[56] | 57,000[56] | 67,000[67] | 72,350[56] | 72,000[56] | 89,374 (1873) | |
Kanazawa | 50,000[56] | 55,106[56] | 67,000[67] | 78,000[56] | 97,000[56] | 103,000[56] | 116,000[56] | 109,685 (1873) |
Kyoto | 300,000[67] | 350,000[253] | 350,000[254][67] | 362,000[245] | 377,000[255] | 350,000[244] | 323,000[245] | 238,663 (1873)[256] |
Königsberg | 40,000 (1663) | 40,600 (1708) | 60,000[212] | 59,000[212] | 67,125 | 79,887 (1852) | 122,636 | |
Lahore | 350,000[56] | 200,000[56] | 94,000[56] | 99,000 (1872)[256] | ||||
Leipzig | 20,000 | 14,000 (1648) | 15,653 (1699) | 35,000 | 32,146 | 41,506 | 62,374 (1849) | 209,000[225] |
Lisbon | 110,000[56] | 165,000 (1639)[56] | 188,000[56] | 148,000–213,000[252][56] | 180,000–237,000[252][56] | 249,000[56] | 240,000–259,000[252][56] | 235,000 (1870)[252] |
Liverpool | 5,714 | 22,000[252] | 77,653 (1801)[252] | 170,000[56] | 375,955 (1851)[257] | 650,000[225] | ||
London | 200,000[212] | 400,000[212] | 575,000[212] | 675,000[212] | 865,000[212] | 1,335,000[67] | 2,320,000[67] | 4,241,000[67] |
Lyon | 40,000[213] | 75,000[213] | 97,000[213] | 114,000[252] | 102,167 (1793) | 115,841 (1820) | 254,000 | 331,000[225] |
Lübeck | 22,570 | 31,068 | 19,978 | 17,644 | 24,631 | 25,600 | 26,098 | 44,799 |
Madras | 15,000 | 55,000 | 125,000 | 172,000 | 310,000 | 400,000[225] | ||
Madrid | 49,000[258] | 130,000[258] | 110,000[258] | 109,000[252][258] | 167,000[258] | 181,400 (1826)[56] | 263,000[252][56] | 407,000[225] |
Manchester | 5,000[212] | 9,000[212] | 18,000[212] | 70,000[212] | 155,000 | 412,000 | 590,000[225] | |
Marseille | 40,000[213] | 66,000[213] | 75,000[213] | 68,000[213][252] | 78,000[213] | 119,000[56] | 193,000[56] | 316,000[225] |
Mexico City | 75,000[56] | 90,000[56] | 100,000[56] | 110,000[56] | 128,000[56] | 176,000[56] | 170,000[257][56] | 250,000[56] |
Milan[177] | 120,000[201] | 100,000[201] | 124,000[201] | 123,618[56][252][201] | 134,528[56][201] | 168,000[56] | 193,000[56] | 277,000[225] |
Moscow | 80,000[56] | 200,000 (1638) | 130,000[56] | 130,000–161,000[252][56] | 238,000[56] | 241,500 | 373,800[257] | 601,969 (1871) |
Munich | 20,000[214] | 10,000[214] | 21,000[214] | 32,000[214][252] | 34,000[214] | 62,290 | 96,398 | 198,000[225] |
Nagoya | 65,000[56] | 65,000[67] | 96,000[56] | 92,000[67] | 116,000 | 125,193 (1873)[256] | ||
Nanjing | 194,000[67] | 178,000[67] | 300,000[56] | 285,000[56] | 220,000[56] | 200,000[56] | 300,000[56] | |
Naples | 400,000[216] | 176,000[216] | 216,000[216] | 305,000[216] | 427,000[216] | 350,000[67] | 413,000[257]–416,000[56] | 450,000[225] |
New Orleans | 8,056 | 46,082 (1830) | 116,375 | 210,000[225] | ||||
New York City | 4,436 (1703) | 13,296 (1749) | 63,000 | 170,000 | 682,000 | 1,900,000[67] | ||
Nuremberg | 40,000[214] | 25,000[214] | 40,000[214] | 30,000[214][252] | 27,000[214][252] | 54,000[252] | 91,017 | |
Osaka | 200,000–360,000[67] | 220,000 | 350,000–380,000[67][259][260] | 400,000 (1749) | 383,000–500,000 (1783)[56][259] | 340,000[56] | 300,000 | 320,000[225] |
Palermo | 105,000[261][216] | 128,000[229] | 100,000[216] | 118,000[216] | 139,000[216] | 168,000[244] | 182,000[245] | 219,000[225] |
Paris | 220,000[213] | 430,000[213] | 510,000[213] | 576,000[213] | 581,000[213] | 855,000[67] | 1,314,000[67] | 2,250,000[67] |
Philadelphia | 4,400 | 14,563 (1753) | 68,200 | 138,000 | 426,221 | 791,000[225] | ||
Prague | 60,000 | 25,000 | 39,000[262] | 58,000[263][262] | 77,403[56][263][262] | 98,000 | 117,000[263] | 223,371 (1869) |
Rio de Janeiro | 20,000 | 29,000 | 44,000 | 166,419 | 274,000[225] | |||
Rome | 105,000[216] | 124,000[216] | 138,000[216] | 156,000[216] | 163,000[216] | 138,000 | 170,000 | 252,000[225] |
Rouen | 60,000[213] | 82,000[213] | 64,000[213] | 67,000[213] | 81,000[213] | 92,083 (1836) | 104,142 (1851)[264] | 104,902 (1876) |
Saint Petersburg | 138,000[265] | 220,200[265] | 438,000[67] | 502,000[265] | 764,000[225] | |||
Seoul | 150,000[67] | 158,000[67] | 187,000[67] | 190,000[56] | 192,000[56] | 194,000[56] | ||
Seville | 121,000 (1597)[219] | 65,000[258] | 96,000[258] | 66,000[258][263] | 96,000[258] | 75,000 (1820) | 106,000[263] | 133,247 (1877) |
Shanghai | 45,000 | 60,000 | 100,000 | 115,000 | 250,000 | 400,000[225] | ||
Sunpu | 100,000[67] | 31,555 (1873)[266] | ||||||
St. Louis | 925 (1799) | 4,977 (1830) | 77,860 | 338,000[225] | ||||
Suzhou | 175,000[56] | 145,000[56] | 245,000[56] | 302,000[56] | 243,000[67] | 302,000[67] | 550,000[56] | 250,000[56] |
Turin | 24,000[201] | 37,000[201] | 42,000[201] | 57,000[201] | 82,000[201] | 109,000[244] | 138,000[245] | 216,000[225] |
Warsaw | 35,000[267] | 21,000[267] | 28,000[267] | 75,000[267] | 124,000[244] | 163,000[267] | 311,000[225] | |
Venice[177] | 139,000[201] | 120,000[201] | 138,000[201] | 149,000[201] | 138,000[201] | 109,927 | 106,000[263] | 129,676 |
Vienna[268][269] | 50,000[262] | 60,000[262] | 114,000[262] | 175,400[262] | 231,000[262] | 401,200 | 551,300 | 1,020,770 |
Xi'an | 138,000[67] | 147,000[56] | 167,000[67] | 195,000[67] | 224,000[67] | 259,000[67] | 275,000[56] | 250,000[56] |
Yamaguchi | 80,000[67] |
See also
- List of largest cities throughout history (7000 BC – AD 2000)
- List of largest cities, present day
- Estimates of historical world population
Notes
- ^ Dobrovody and Maydanets Suggested to be housing up to 10,000 people in Modelski's text (pp. 24–25), The estimate is based on the author's personal communication with Mikhail Videiko, Institute of Archaeology, Kyiv, October 2002 (p. 75). The previous estimates by S. I. Kruts for Maydanets and Talianki are 8,000 (1,575 housed within 270 ha) and 14,000 (2,700 houses within 450 ha), respectively (Pitskhelauri, K. N., and Chernykh, E. N. Eds., Kavkaz v sisteme paleometallicheskikh kultur Evrazii, Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1989, pp. 146–156.).[full citation needed]
- ^ a b c d Modelski's list of the world's largest cities treats Thebes and Haojing as the top cities with 100,000 inhabitants (p. 218), though the same list on the next page (p. 219) as well as Table 2 (c) place the population of Thebes at 120,000, while that for Haojing as well as Memphis and Babylon at 100,000 (pp. 33-34).[full citation needed]
- ^ Chandler listed Thebes, Haoqing, and Chengzhou (Luoyang) as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd largest cities (p. 460), though Luoyang is supposed to pass 100,000 in 1000 B.C. (p. 541).[full citation needed]
- ^ When the city first passed 100,000, suggested by Richard Forstall (pp. 541-542).[full citation needed]
- ^ Haoqing, the capital of Western Zhou, was located 15 km SW of Chang'an, the capital of Sung and Tang dynasties as well as the present center of Xi'an. Han capital was located 5 km NW of the center of modern Xi'an. All these sites are now within the sub-provincial city of Xi'an.
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- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 265.
- ^ Howes, Jennifer; Talbot, Cynthia; Canby, Sheila; Michell, George; Foekema, Gerard; Topsfield, Andrew; Tillotson, Giles; Verghese, Anila; Fritz, John M.; Michell, George; Datta, Sona; Boardman, John (January 2005). "Book Reviews". South Asian Studies. 21 (1): 137–150. doi:10.1080/02666030.2005.9628650. ISSN 0266-6030. S2CID 219697340.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 329.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Mitchell 1998e, p. 74.
- ^ a b Mitchell 1998a, p. 39.
- ^ a b The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806. 1995.
- ^ a b c Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 320.
- ^ a b "Population statistics: historical demography". Populstat.info. Archived from the original on 2018-09-17. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
- ^ a b Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 133.
- ^ a b c d e de Vries 1984, p. 352.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 110.
- ^ a b Flood, J. (2006). Poets Laureate in the Holy Roman Empire: A Bio-bibliographical Handbook. De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-091274-6. Archived from the original on 2024-05-31. Retrieved 2016-09-22.
- ^ a b c Latimer 1900.
- ^ a b c d e Shannon & Grebenik 1943.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 166.
- ^ Săgeată, Radu (2008). "Bucharest. Geographical and Geopolitical Considerations" (PDF). Romanian Review on Political Geography. 10 (1): 48. ISSN 1582-7763. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2021-04-12.
- ^ a b c d Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 155.
- ^ a b c Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 196.
- ^ Mitchell 1998a, p. 40.
- ^ a b c d e de Vries 1984, p. 349.
- ^ a b Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 135.
- ^ a b c d e Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 327.
- ^ a b c d e Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 328.
- ^ J. Cunnison; J.B.S. Filfillan, eds. (1958). Third Statistical Account of Scotland GLASGOW. Glasgow: Collins. OCLC 500429383.
- ^ a b c d Boudarel, Nguyen & Nguyễn 2002, p. 19.
- ^ Boudarel, Nguyen & Nguyễn 2002, p. 22.
- ^ Annuaire de la Cochinchine française... 1874. Archived from the original on 2020-07-06. Retrieved 2020-07-06 – via Gallica.[verification needed]
- ^ a b c d e f g Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 251.
- ^ Tudose, Mihaela (2017). "Demographic and Social-Economic Evolution of the City of Iași During the First Decades after the Union (1859-1881)". Ioan Neculce: The Bulletin of Moldavia's History Museum. New Series (23): 180. ISSN 1454-0754. Archived from the original on 2021-04-12. Retrieved 2021-04-12.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Mitchell 1998e, p. 75.
- ^ Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon (1956). Kyoto: the Old Capital of Japan, 794-1869. Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. 424. (quoting the Meiji publication 平安通志)
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 321.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 323.
- ^ a b c Mitchell 1998a, p. 41.
- ^ a b c d Almanach de Gotha pour l'an 1858
- ^ a b c d e f g h i de Vries 1984, p. 356.
- ^ a b F. Braudel (1979). Capitalism and Material Life, 1400–1800.
- ^ Sansom, George (1963). A History of Japan: 1615-1867. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 113. Note: These figures exclude military (samurai) population, which could account for a considerable portion of the population.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 319.
- ^ a b c d e f g h de Vries 1984, p. 357.
- ^ a b c d e f Mitchell 1998e, p. 76.
- ^ Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 120.
- ^ a b c Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 164.
- ^ Mitchell 1998a, p. 42.
- ^ a b c d e Chandler & Fox 1974, p. 159.
- ^ Steidl, Annemarie (2003). Auf nach Wien! Die Mobilität des mitteleuropäischen Handwerks im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert am Beispiel der Haupt- und Residenzstadt Wien. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-7028-0403-X. Archived from the original on 2021-05-26. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
- ^ "Statistiken". Statistik.at. Archived from the original on 2015-04-10. Retrieved 2015-06-20.
References
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Further reading
- Connolly, Peter; Dodge, Hazel (1998). The Ancient City: Life in Classical Athens and Rome. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-521409-9.
- Smith, Michael E. (2005). "City Size in Late Post-Classic Mesoamerica" (PDF). Journal of Urban History. 31 (4): 403–434. doi:10.1177/0096144204274396. S2CID 145452272.