![]() Commodore 1581 | |
Manufacturer | Commodore Business Machines |
---|---|
Type | Floppy drive |
Release date | 1987 |
Introductory price | US$399 (1987) equivalent to $1,100 in 2023[1] |
Discontinued | 1990[2] |
Media | 3½" floppy disk DS[2][3]: 125 DD[4] using MFM[5] |
Operating system | CBM DOS 10.0[4] |
CPU | MOS 6502 @ 2 MHz, WD1770[2] or WD1772[6] |
Memory | 8 kB RAM 32 kB ROM[2][3]: 125 |
Storage | 790 KB[3]: 125 [4] |
Connectivity | Commodore proprietary serial IEEE-488[7] burst mode 9000 bytes/s[8] |
Power | 220 V 50 Hz 10 W[7] |
Dimensions | 63 mm × 140 mm × 230 mm 2.5 in × 5.5 in × 9.1 in[7][3]: 125 |
Mass | 1.4 kg (3.1 lb)[3]: 125 [7] |
Backward compatibility |
|
Predecessor | Commodore 1571 |
The Commodore 1581 is a 3½-inch double-sided double-density floppy disk drive that was released by Commodore Business Machines (CBM) in 1987, primarily for its C64 and C128 home/personal computers. The drive stores 800 kilobytes using an MFM encoding[5] but formats different from the MS-DOS (720 kB), Amiga (880 kB), and Mac Plus (800 kB) formats. With special software it's possible to read C1581 disks on an x86 PC system, and likewise, read MS-DOS and other formats of disks in the C1581 (using Big Blue Reader), provided that the PC or other floppy handles the "720 kB" size format.[5] This capability was most frequently used to read MS-DOS disks. The drive was released in the summer of 1987 and quickly became popular with bulletin board system (BBS) operators and other users.
Like the 1541 and 1571, the 1581 has an onboard MOS Technology 6502 CPU with its own ROM and RAM, and uses a serial version of the IEEE-488 interface. Inexplicably, the drive's ROM contains commands for parallel use, although no parallel interface was available. Unlike the 1571, which is nearly 100% backward-compatible with the 1541, the 1581 is only compatible with previous Commodore drives at the DOS level and cannot utilize software that performs low-level disk access (as the vast majority of Commodore 64 games do).
The version of Commodore DOS built into the 1581 added support for partitions, which could also function as fixed-allocation subdirectories. PC-style subdirectories were rejected as being too difficult to work with in terms of block availability maps, which were still very much in vogue, and which for some time had been the traditional way of inquiring into block availability. The 1581 supports the C128's burst mode for fast disk access, but not when connected to an older Commodore machine like the Commodore 64. The 1581 provides a total of 3160 blocks free when formatted (a block being equal to 256 bytes). The number of permitted directory entries was also increased, to 296 entries. With a storage capacity of 800 kB, the 1581 is the highest-capacity serial-bus drive that was ever made by Commodore (the 1-MB SFD-1001 uses the parallel IEEE-488), and the only 3½" one. However, starting in 1991, Creative Micro Designs (CMD) made the FD-2000 high density (1.6 MB) and FD-4000 extra-high density (3.2 MB) 3½" drives, both of which offered not only a 1581-emulation mode but also 1541- and 1571-compatibility modes.
Like the 1541 and 1571, a nearly identical job queue is available to the user in zero page (except for job 0), providing for exceptional degrees of compatibility.
Unlike the cases of the 1541 and 1571, the low-level disk format used by the 1581 is similar enough to the MS-DOS format as the 1581 is built around a WD1770 FM/MFM floppy controller chip. The 1581 disk format consists of 80 tracks and ten 512 byte sectors per track, per side, used as 40 logical sectors of 256 bytes each. Special software is required to read 1581 disks on a PC due to the different file system. An internal floppy drive and controller are required as well; USB floppy drives operate strictly at the file system level and do not allow low-level disk access.[9] The WD1770 controller chip, however, was the seat of some early problems with 1581 drives when the first production runs were recalled due to a high failure rate; the problem was quickly corrected. Later versions of the 1581 drive have a smaller, more streamlined-looking external power supply provided with them.
Specifications
Quantity | Value |
---|---|
Onboard CPU | MOS Technology 6502 @ 2 MHz |
RAM | 8 kB[10]: 2 |
ROM | 32 kB[10]: 2 |
Disk controller | WD1770[2][10]: 2, 12 or WD1772[6] |
Communications controller | MOS Technology 8520A[10] |
Transfer protocols | Standard and fast serial; burst mode; and commands for parallel interface (the latter not used) |
Disk type | 3.5" inch |
Storage format | MFM, double density, double-sided |
Interface | CBM's proprietary serial IEEE-488 |
Power | 5 V @ 1 A (5 VA) 12 V @ 0.5 A (6 VA) |
1581 Image Layout
The 1581 disk has 80 logical tracks, each with 40 logical sectors (the actual physical layout of the diskette is abstracted and managed by a hardware translation layer). The directory starts on 40/3 (track 40, sector 3). The disk header is on 40/0, and the BAM (block availability map) resides on 40/1 and 40/2.
Header Contents
$00–01 T/S reference to first directory sector (40/3) 02 DOS version ('D') 04-13 Disk Label, $A0 padded 16-17 Disk ID 19-1A DOS type ('3D')
BAM Contents, 40/1
$00–01 T/S to next BAM sector (40/2) 02 DOS version ('D') 04-05 Disk ID 06 I/O byte 07 Autoboot flag 10-FF BAM entries for Tracks 1-40
BAM Contents, 40/2
$00–01 00/FF 02 DOS version ('D') 04-05 Disk ID 06 I/O byte 07 Autoboot flag 10-FF BAM entries for Tracks 41-80
See also
References
- ^ "Scuttlebutt | Commodore Peripherals". Ahoy!. No. 40. April 1987. p. 8. ISSN 8750-4383. OCLC 11395055. Retrieved 2023-09-12 – via Issuu.
The Commodore 1581 3.5" Disk Drive ($399) provides C-64, C-128, Plus/4, and C-16 with faster data transfer (three times that of the 1541), and greater storage capacity (808K).
- ^ a b c d e "Commodore 1581". C64-Wiki. 13 October 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Commodore 1581 Disk Drive User's Guide. Commodore Business Machines. 1987. Retrieved 12 September 2023 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b c Zimmerman, Bo. "Commodore 1581". Zimmer's.net. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ a b c "1581 DISK DRIVE DIAGNOSTICS | latest updates and corrections". tds.net. 13 July 2005. Archived from the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
- ^ a b eBay's 94Bravo (2007). "XETEC LT. KERNAL HARD DRIVE | Lt Kernal - More Information". Lt. Kernal Data Archive. Archived from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d Commodore 1581 Floppy Disk Drive (in German). Commodore AG. August 1987. Retrieved 12 September 2023 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ "Commodore 1581". c64-wiki.de (in German). 19 August 2019. Retrieved 12 September 2023.
Außerdem beherrscht das Laufwerk für die Datenübertragung z.B. mit dem C128 auch den sogenannten Burst-Modus. Dieser überträgt die Daten im Optimalfall etwa 30 mal schneller (9.000 Bytes/s) als das herkömmliche Diskettenlaufwerk VC-1541 am C64.
[In addition, the drive also supports the so-called burst mode for data transfer, for example with the C128. Ideally, this transfers data about 30 times faster (9,000 bytes/s) than the conventional VC-1541 floppy disk drive on the C64.] - ^ "USB97CFDC2-01: USB Floppy Disk Controller" (PDF). SMSC. 27 February 2007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2023 – via Bitsavers'.
Supports 640K, 720K, 1.44M, 1.2M Windows 98J, and 1.2M NEC DOS 6.x Formats
- ^ a b c d Service Manual — 1581 3.5 Disk Drive. Commodore Business Machines. June 1987. Retrieved 12 September 2023 – via Internet Archive.
Further reading
- Commodore 1581 Disk Drive User's Guide. Commodore Business Machines. 1987. Retrieved 12 September 2023 – via Internet Archive.
- Howard, Mike; Mills, Bob (1989). The 1581 Toolkit: 10 Essential Utilities for Commodore 1581 Owners. Retrieved 12 September 2023 – via Internet Archive.
- Commodore Model 1581 Disk Drive. Computerfacts Technical Service Data. Vol. CD22. Howard W. Sams & Co. July 1989. ISBN 978-0672090585. OCLC 20387807. Retrieved 12 September 2023 – via Internet Archive.
External links
- d81.de: Permanent home of 1581-Copy, A MS-Windows based Tool uses any standard x86-PC 3.5" drive to WRITE & READ 1581 disk images (d81).
- optusnet.com.au: 1581 Games, Commodore 1581 Games, D81, CMD FD2000 & FD4000 Games, Tools & Games specifically for the 1581 disk drive.
- optusnet.com.au: SEGA SF-7000 with PC 3.5" Floppy Drive, Copy disk to PC and vice versa, How to use a PC 3.5" floppy drive in the 1581 device
- vice-emu: Commodore compatible Disk Drives, drive info
- tut.fi: DCN-2692 floppy controller board, C1581 clone (complete)