„Madschid Arslan“ – Versionsunterschied
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'''Madschid Taufiq Arslan''' ({{arS|مجيد توفيق أرسلان‎|w=Madschid Taufiq Arslan}}, * Februar [[1908]] in [[Choueifat]], [[Vilâyet Beirut]], [[Osmanisches Reich]]; † [[18. September]] [[1983]] in Chaldeh, südlich von [[Beirut]]) war ein [[Libanon|libanesischer]] [[Drusen]]führer sowie [[Nationalheld]]. Er war Oberhaupt der [[Lachmiden|Familie Arslan]], eine der zwei regierenden Drusenfamilien, den Arslans und den [[Dschumblat]]ts. |
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[[Image:Prince Majeed Arslan 3.jpg|thumb|Photo of Prince Majid Arslan by Antoine Dakouny]] |
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== Leben == |
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'''[[Emir]] Majid Toufic Arslan ''' (in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] الأمير مجيد توفيق أرسلان) (born February 1908 in [[Choueifat]], [[Lebanon]] — died September 18, 1983 in Khaldeh, south of [[Beirut]]) was a [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] [[Druze]] leader and head of one of the two traditional feudal Druze ruling families, the Arslans against the rival family, the Jumblatts. [[Emir]] Majid Arslan was the leader of the Yazbaki (Arslan affiliations) faction. Majid Arslan was a national political figure with a role in Lebanon's independence, a long-running Member of the Lebanese Parliament and a government minister for many times with a number of important ministerial portfolios, most notably Defense, Health, Telecommunications, Agriculture and Justice. |
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[[Emir]] Madschid Arslan war der Vorsitzende der Yazbaki-Faktion. Er war eine politische Nationalfigur und spielte bei der Unabhängigkeit des Libanon eine wichtige Rolle als seit 1931 langjähriges Mitglied des [[Abgeordnetenkammer (Libanon)|libanesischen Parlaments]] sowie Regierungsminister. Er erhielt von 1937 bis 1975 sehr viele und verschiedene ministerielle Portfolios, darunter vor allem die Verteidigung, Gesundheit, Telekommunikation, Landwirtschaft und Justiz. Er wurde auch bei den [[Parlamentswahlen im Libanon 1943|Parlamentswahlen 1943]] sowie zuletzt bei den [[Parlamentswahlen im Libanon 1972|Wahlen 1972]] in die Nationalversammlung gewählt. |
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Er ist der Sohn des Emirs [[Taufiq Arslan]], der 1920 dabei half, den [[Großlibanon]] zu gründen. Madschid Arslan studierte an der berühmten französischen Schule, die ''Mission Laique Francaise''. Sein Sohn [[Talal Arslane]] ist der Vorsitzende der [[Libanesische Demokratische Partei|Libanesischen Demokratischen Partei]]. |
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==Personal life== |
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Emir Majid Arslan was the son of [[Emir Toufic Arslan]] who helped found [[Greater Lebanon]] in 1920. He had three brothers (Nouhad, Riad, Melhem) and a sister (Zahia). [[Emir]] Majid studied at the famous French school, [[Mission Laique Francaise]]. |
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In 1932, he married his cousin, Emira Lamiss [[Shehab]]. She bore him two sons: Toufic (1935 — 2003) and Faysal (1941 - 2009). |
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== Literatur == |
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In 1956, after his first wife’s death, [[Prince]] Majid remarried Princess Khawla [[Jumblatt]]. She bore him three daughters (Zeina, Rima, and Najwa) and a son, [[Prince Talal Arslan]], current Head of the House of Arslan and a [[Druze]] leader. |
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* Eyal Zisser: ''Lebanon: The Challenge of Independence''. I.B. Tauris, S. 116 |
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* Marc Loris: ''Lebanon’s Fight for Independence (1944)''. |
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He was known for his exceptional skills in [[horsemanship]] and would often exercise his hobby in a southern village [[El Mageedieh]] (3 km²), named after him. |
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* Salman Falah: ''The Druze in the Middle-East''. Druze Research & Publications Institute, New York, S. 28–29 |
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* Raghid El-Solh: ''Lebanon and Arabism: National Identity and State Formation''. I.B. Tauris. |
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* Kamal Salibi: ''A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered''. |
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== |
== Quellen == |
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* Aux Origines du « Pacte National », Contribution a l’histoire de la crise Franco-Libanaise de Novembre 1943, by Maxime Rodinson 1988. |
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===Parliament=== |
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* Lebanon – World War II and Independence. ''Source: U.S. Library of Congress'' |
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Emir Majid Arslan ran for parliamentary elections in 1931 and won the Druze seat of Aley Cazaa district. His allies also won the elections. From 1931 until his death in 1983, he and his allies would win all the parliamentary elections of 1934, 1937, 1943, 1947, 1951, 1953, 1957, 1960, 1964, 1968 and 1972. |
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* Lebanon’s Quest: The Road to Statehood, 1926–1939. ''Meir Zamir''. I.B. Tauris |
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* {{Literatur |Autor=Peter Carlson |Titel=As Marines Come Under Fire in Beirut, a Princess Speaks for the Mysterious Druze |Sammelwerk=People |Band=20 |Nummer=13 |Datum=1983-09-26 |Online=[http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20085997,00.html Online]}} |
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{{SORTIERUNG:Arslan, Madschid}} |
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[[Image:Prince Majeed Arslan 4.jpg|thumb|Emir Majid wearing his official uniform]] |
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[[Kategorie:Verteidigungsminister (Libanon)]] |
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===Cabinet=== |
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[[Kategorie:Justizminister (Libanon)]] |
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Over a period of 35 years, Emir Majid Arslan held various ministerial posts. |
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[[Kategorie:Landwirtschaftsminister (Libanon)]] |
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*October 1937: [[Agriculture ministry|Minister of Agriculture]] |
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[[Kategorie:Gesundheitsminister (Libanon)]] |
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*September 1943: [[Health minister|Minister of Health]] & [[Defence minister|Defense]] |
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[[Kategorie:Abgeordneter (Libanon)]] |
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*July 1944: [[Health minister|Minister of Health]] & [[Defence minister|Defense]] |
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[[Kategorie:Prinz]] |
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*May 1946: [[Health minister|Minister of Health]] & [[Defence minister|Defense]] |
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[[Kategorie:Libanese]] |
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*December 1946: Minister of Telecommunications & [[Defence minister|Defense]] |
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[[Kategorie:Geboren 1908]] |
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*June 1947: Minister of Telecommunications & [[Defence minister|Defense]] |
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[[Kategorie:Gestorben 1983]] |
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*July 1948: [[Agriculture ministry|Minister of Agriculture]] & [[Defence minister|Defense]] |
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[[Kategorie:Mann]] |
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*October 1949: [[Defence minister|Minister of Defense]] |
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*February 1954: [[Health minister|Minister of Health]] & [[Defence minister|Defense]] |
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*July 1955: [[Defence minister|Minister of Defense]] |
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*March 1956: [[Defence minister|Minister of Defense]] |
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*November 1956: [[Health minister|Minister of Health]] & [[Agriculture ministry|Minister of Agriculture]] |
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*August 1957: Minister of Telecommunications & [[Defence minister|Defense]] |
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*March 1958: [[Agriculture ministry|Minister of Agriculture]] |
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*August 1960: [[Defence minister|Minister of Defense]] |
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*October 1961: [[Defence minister|Minister of Defense]] |
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*October 1968: [[Defence minister|Minister of Defense]] & [[Justice ministry|Justice]] |
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*January 1969: [[Defence minister|Minister of Defense]] |
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*November 1969: [[Defence minister|Minister of Defense]] |
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*May 1969: [[Defence minister|Minister of Defense]] |
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*July 1973: [[Minister of State]] |
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*October 1974: [[Health minister|Minister of Health]] |
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*July 1975: [[Health minister|Minister of Health]] & [[Agriculture ministry|Agriculture]] & Housing |
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{{Personendaten |
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==Lebanon’s 1943 independence== |
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|NAME=Arslan, Madschid |
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[[Image:Prince Majeed Arslan 5.jpg|thumb|The Emir on his knees kissing the first Lebanese flag on 22 November 1943]] |
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|ALTERNATIVNAMEN=Arslan, Madschid Taufiq (vollständiger Name) |
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Emir Majid Arslan was the leader of the independence of Lebanon in 1943 when the president Bechara El Khoury with fellow ministers were taken to prison to Rachaya by the French. 1 7 |
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|KURZBESCHREIBUNG=libanesischer Nationalheld und Politiker |
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After World War I, in 1918, the French established control over Lebanon by virtue of a League of Nations Mandate. |
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|GEBURTSDATUM=Februar 1908 |
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In 1943, the leaders of the country together with the ministers held a national convention and drew up a National Pact stating that: |
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|GEBURTSORT=[[Choueifat]], [[Vilâyet Beirut]], [[Osmanisches Reich]] |
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#Lebanon is an independent country with an Arab aspect, |
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|STERBEDATUM=18. September 1983 |
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#Lebanon is to be led by neither East nor West, |
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|STERBEORT=Chaldeh, südlich von [[Beirut]] |
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#No to Colonialism, |
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#Religious sects are to be represented in ministries and all governmental posts, |
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#The Lebanese government should bring under its control customs, railways and the [[Regie Company|Regie]] tobacco monopoly. |
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#The Lebanese government should supervise and control its borders. |
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On 10 November 1943, the French retaliated by arresting the Lebanese President [[Bechara El Khoury]], Prime Minister [[Riad Solh]] and ministers [[Camille Chamoun]], [[Adel Osseiran]] and [[Abdul Hamid Karami]]. |
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The French used Senegalese mercenaries to transport these political prisoners to [[Rashaya]] Fort in the [[Beqaa Valley]]. |
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Ministers Majid Arslan, [[Sabri Hamadé]] and [[Habib Abi Shahla]] escaped the arrest because they were not in their homes that night. |
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On 11 November, 1943, Arslan, Hamadeh and Abi Shahla created the “Government of Free Lebanon” with Habib Abi Shahla as Prime Minister and Majid Arslan as Head of National Guard.57 |
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Their headquarters were in [[Bechamoun]], a village 30 km from [[Beirut]]. |
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Majid Arslan grouped around him men and artillery in an armed rebellion and was ready to fight the French troops. |
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Meanwhile, disturbances and riots raged all over Lebanon. |
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The Deputies held a secret session during which they drew and signed on a new flag that they handed over to the cabinet of Bshamoun. |
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On 21 November 1943, Due to riots, open strikes, the armed rebellion of Arslan and the interference of Arab and Western states (mainly Britain), the political prisoners were released. 3 |
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The freed prisoners passed by [[Bechamoun]] on their way back home, to thank the rebels. There, they sang the [[Lebanese National Hymn]] and Majid Arslan knelt in front of the Lebanese flag and kissed it. |
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On 22 November 1943, Lebanon was proclaimed an independent state. |
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{{Infobox hrhstyles| |
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| name = Emir Majid Arslan II |
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| image = [[Image:Coat of Arms of Lebanon.svg|70px]] |
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| dipstyle = [[HH|His Highness]] |
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| offstyle = Your Highness |
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| altstyle = Sire |
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}} |
}} |
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==References== |
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*Julia Makarem, http://www.americandruzeheritage.com/ |
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*Pierre Helou, L'Homme du Dialogue Disparait. http://www.rdl.com.lb/ |
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*Aux Origines du "Pacte National", Contribution a l'histoire de la crise Franco-Libanaise de Novembre 1943, by Maxime Rodinson 1988. |
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*http://www.ingentaconnect.com/ |
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*Lebanon - World War II and Independence. ''Source: U.S. Library of Congress'' |
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*Lebanon's Quest: The Road to Statehood, 1926-1939. ''Meir Zamir''. I.B. Tauris |
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*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Lebanon) |
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*http://www.syrianhistory.com/People/key/Emir+Majid+Arslan |
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*http://www.katagogi.com/PhotoAlbum/Default.aspx?l=EN&mid=b24afb8d-e5c8-4ac0-a7a8-af1f652d2a8f&fid=10952&t=vp&aid=a480410_1112226151_104847&PreveVal=12499|huBMwspz9vu9pk0d8UzwhXFrvgv12tdjkjwNt3hz5RM=|cR6oXHmRTqlrmr1SLZ1MDw==1 |
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*http://www.allposters.com/-sp/Lebanese-Defense-Minister-Majid-Arslan-Chewing-Cigar-at-Gamal-Abdul-Nasser-s-Party-Posters_i3841723_.htm |
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*http://www.ldparty.org/new/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=40&Itemid=55 |
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*http://www.fanoos.com/society/amir_majid_arslan.html |
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*http://www.fanoos.com/society/talal_arslan.html |
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*http://www.people.com/people/archive/article/0,,20085997,00.html |
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==See also== |
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*[[List of political families]] |
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*[[Prince Talal Arslan]] |
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*[[Princess Zeina Talal Arslan]] |
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*[[Prince Majid Talal Arslan]] |
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*[[Shakib Arslan|Prince Shakib Arslan]] |
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*[[Lebanese Independence Day]] |
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*[[Lakhmids]] |
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*[[Druze]] |
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*[[Lebanon]] |
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* www.lebguide.com |
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==Further reading== |
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* Eyal Zisser. ''Lebanon: The Challenge of Independence''. I.B. Tauris. ''Page 116'' |
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* Marc Loris. ''Lebanon's Fight for Independence (1944)''. |
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* Salman Falah. ''The Druze in the Middle-East''. Druze Research & Publications Institute, New York, USA. ''Pages 28–29)'' |
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* Raghid El-Solh. ''Lebanon and Arabism: National Identity and State Formation''. I.B. Tauris. |
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* Kamal Salibi. ''A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered''. |
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* Federal Research Division. ''Lebanon: A Country Study''. |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Arslan, Lemir Magid}} |
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[[Category:Lebanese princes]] |
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[[Category:1908 births]] |
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[[Category:1983 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Druze people of Lebanese nationality]] |
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[[Category:Government ministers of Lebanon]] |
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[[Category:Members of the Parliament of Lebanon]] |
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[[ar:مجيد أرسلان]] |
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[[fr:Magid Arslan]] |
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[[he:מג'יד ארסלן]] |
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Aktuelle Version vom 5. Dezember 2022, 16:04 Uhr
Madschid Taufiq Arslan (arabisch مجيد توفيق أرسلان Madschid Taufiq Arslan, * Februar 1908 in Choueifat, Vilâyet Beirut, Osmanisches Reich; † 18. September 1983 in Chaldeh, südlich von Beirut) war ein libanesischer Drusenführer sowie Nationalheld. Er war Oberhaupt der Familie Arslan, eine der zwei regierenden Drusenfamilien, den Arslans und den Dschumblatts.
Leben
Emir Madschid Arslan war der Vorsitzende der Yazbaki-Faktion. Er war eine politische Nationalfigur und spielte bei der Unabhängigkeit des Libanon eine wichtige Rolle als seit 1931 langjähriges Mitglied des libanesischen Parlaments sowie Regierungsminister. Er erhielt von 1937 bis 1975 sehr viele und verschiedene ministerielle Portfolios, darunter vor allem die Verteidigung, Gesundheit, Telekommunikation, Landwirtschaft und Justiz. Er wurde auch bei den Parlamentswahlen 1943 sowie zuletzt bei den Wahlen 1972 in die Nationalversammlung gewählt.
Er ist der Sohn des Emirs Taufiq Arslan, der 1920 dabei half, den Großlibanon zu gründen. Madschid Arslan studierte an der berühmten französischen Schule, die Mission Laique Francaise. Sein Sohn Talal Arslane ist der Vorsitzende der Libanesischen Demokratischen Partei.
Literatur
- Eyal Zisser: Lebanon: The Challenge of Independence. I.B. Tauris, S. 116
- Marc Loris: Lebanon’s Fight for Independence (1944).
- Salman Falah: The Druze in the Middle-East. Druze Research & Publications Institute, New York, S. 28–29
- Raghid El-Solh: Lebanon and Arabism: National Identity and State Formation. I.B. Tauris.
- Kamal Salibi: A House of Many Mansions: The History of Lebanon Reconsidered.
Quellen
- Aux Origines du « Pacte National », Contribution a l’histoire de la crise Franco-Libanaise de Novembre 1943, by Maxime Rodinson 1988.
- Lebanon – World War II and Independence. Source: U.S. Library of Congress
- Lebanon’s Quest: The Road to Statehood, 1926–1939. Meir Zamir. I.B. Tauris
- Peter Carlson: As Marines Come Under Fire in Beirut, a Princess Speaks for the Mysterious Druze. In: People. Band 20, Nr. 13, 26. September 1983 (Online).
| Personendaten | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Arslan, Madschid |
| ALTERNATIVNAMEN | Arslan, Madschid Taufiq (vollständiger Name) |
| KURZBESCHREIBUNG | libanesischer Nationalheld und Politiker |
| GEBURTSDATUM | Februar 1908 |
| GEBURTSORT | Choueifat, Vilâyet Beirut, Osmanisches Reich |
| STERBEDATUM | 18. September 1983 |
| STERBEORT | Chaldeh, südlich von Beirut |
